英语考试四级听力考前辅导(4)
(a)、形肯定意否定的句型(分别介绍六类):
1、I'd like to/I 'd love to,but...。表否定,重点放在but后面。如:
―The students' English club is having a party on Saturday night.Can you come?
―I would like to,but I work at a restaurant on weekends.
2、使用虚拟语气的句子。在很多四级听力考试试题当中,经常采用虚拟语气,这些句子形式上是肯定的,但往往表达一种“本应该,本可以(却没有),希望”的情绪,放在一定的语言环境中表否定。而这一点也是考生常忽略的,要特别注意。如:
―If the traffic wasn't so bad,I could have been home by 6:00.
―What a pity!John was here to see you.(意思是如果早到家的话,就可以见到约翰了,但是事实是因为交通堵塞,没能及时回家)
3、I'm sorry,...。这种句型是委婉的否定,其后一般接原因。如:
―Hello,may I speak to John Smith,please?
―I'm sorry,nobody by that name works here.(意思是说没有叫约翰・史密斯的人)
4、由形容词last构成的特殊句型。这种结构的字面意思是“……是最后一个”,但真正的意思是“……是最不可能的”。如:
―Would you like to go mountain climbing with us?
―That's the last thing in the world I want to do.(字面意思是爬山是这世界上我最后想做的事,反过来讲就是根本不想去爬山)
5、anything but句型。此句型在四级考试中语法与结构部分考过,如果出现在听力理解部分,应该来说比较难,但是如果我们掌握了它的基本意思“除……以外的任何事物”或“根本不”,并在听的过程中多加小心的话,还是可以做对的。如:
―Everyone is helping out with dinner.Could you make the soup?
―Anything but that.(意思是我不可能做汤)
6、由一些特殊短语构成的句型。这种短语很多,因此就需要学生平时不断地积累,这里举两个短语为例:
―You're not much of a rock and roll fan,are you?
―It's far from being my favorite kind of music,that's for sure.(这里的be far from短语意思是“远非”,可理解为“这根本不是我所喜欢的音乐”)
(b)、形否定意肯定的句型(分别介绍六类):
1、Why don't you/Why not...?这种句型相对来说比较简单,意思是“为什么不呢?”,但我们还是应该注意它真正表达的是一个肯定概念,即“建议做某事”。如:
―John,I don't know what to get for your father.He has just about everything,doesn't he?
―Do you have any suggestions?
―Why don't you get him a pocket calculator?
2、Do you mind...?问句的回答用No,of course not.或者Not at all.。虽然字面上是否定的,
而且也理解为“不介意”,但考虑到具体的语境,通常都应理解为肯定的,意思是对方可以做其想做的。
如:
―Do you mind if I borrow your note?
―No,of course not.They are on my desk.)(从侧面讲可以使用)
3、not...until...句型。此句型一般都应理解为“直到……才”,因此是肯定的。如:
―When can the doctor see me?
―He won't be free until tomorrow.(意思是直到明天才能见你)
4、not...more/better构成的特殊句型。
此句型意思是不可能有比这样更好的情况发生了,反过来讲就是指这样很好,说者对此表示赞许,所以此句型仍然表示的是肯定意思。如:
―I think it's high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now.
―I can't agree with you more.You see countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each year.(意思是说后者非常同意第一人的观点)
5、Without a doubt;Don't mention it;No problem等作为回答的否定句型。这些我们常用的作为回答的句型,其实在语境中通常是用作肯定的回答,意思是“没问题”,肯定是这样的。如:
―Do you think we have to review the chapter of Industrial Revolution?
―Without a doubt,it will be on the exam.
6、由一些除not和never之外的否定词如hardly,seldom,scarcely,rarely等构成的句型。这种句型其实本身就应归结为否定句,但在此将其放到这里是想强调这些句子如果出现在听力理解当中,学生经常容易疏忽这些词的否定意思,因此需特别留意。如:
―What a surprise!Tim has improved his English so much after a holiday abroad.
―I can hardly hear an accent.(意思是几乎听不出有任何地方口音)
作者: 英卓语言
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