四级词汇历年考点详析(D-E)
2018-08-11 阅读 : 次
D 同学们,如果你正在复习大学英语四级词汇的字母D部分,请跟我来。先做题,再认真阅读题后的讲解。看看收获如何。 1.The issue is how to of radioactive waste. A.deal B.dispose C.disposal D.do [答案与译文]B.问题是怎样处理放射性废料。 [辨析及搭配]A.deal(with)处理;应付;做生意。例句:I have dealt with this company for more than a decade.我已经与这家公司做了十多年的生意。B. dispose(of)处理;处置;除掉;去掉。例句:Man proposes,God disposes.谋事在人,成事在天。Dispose of these old newspapers!把这些旧报纸处理掉。C.disposaln.处理;处置。D.do处理;整顿;解决(问题)。 2.The trend of brain drain does the developing countries degrees of harm. A.diver B.diversify C.diverse D.diversity [答案与译文]C.人才外流的趋势不同程度伤害着发展中国家。 [辨析及搭配]A.diver n.潜水员。B.diversify v.使多样化。C.diverse adj.不同的。D.diversity n.多样性。此处只能用形容词diverse修饰名词。 3.Whether he could obtain his diploma or not greatly him. A.disturbed B.distinguished C.distresses D.disputes [答案与译文]A.是否能取得文凭极大地扰乱了他的心绪。 [辨析及搭配]A.disturb 扰乱;打扰。B.distinguish(between;from)区分;辨别。C.distress使悲痛;使忧伤。D.dispute 争论;辩论;争执。 4.All had to stay in the open space,esp.at night, for the of the warning of an earthquake. A.donation B.domination C.destination D.duration [答案与译文]D.在整个地震警报期间,大家只好(特别是在夜间)待在空旷的地方。 [辨析及搭配]A.donation 捐赠品;捐款。B. domination统治;控制;支配。C.destination 目的地。D.duration期间;持续时间。 5.The free market is with purchasers and merchants. A.deliberate B.dense C.dependent D.desirable [答案与译文]B.自由市场上云集买卖双方而一片繁忙。 [辨析及搭配]A.deliberate蓄意的;审慎的。B. dense(with)密集的;浓厚的;繁忙的。C.dependent依靠的;依赖的;以……而定。D.desirable值得要的;合心意的;悦人心意的。 6.Mr.Smith is used to reading his favorite academic over coffee. A.digital B.digest C.digestion D.indigestion [答案与译文]B.史密斯先生习惯于边喝咖啡边读他最喜欢的学术文摘。 [辨析及搭配]首先排除A.digital adj.数字的;数码的。后面三个是同根词:B.digest v.消化,领悟。n.文摘,摘要。C.digestion n.消化,领悟。D.indigestionn.消化不良。 7.Failure is the mother of success,so that hers hasn’t her,but encouraged her to redouble her exertions instead. A.discharged B.discounted C.discarded D.discouraged [答案与译文]D.失败乃成功之母。所以她的失败没使她灰心丧气,反而使她加倍努力。 [辨析及搭配]A.discharge v.允许……离开;排(放)出。B.discount vt.打断;漠视;认为……不值得考虑。C.discard vt.&vi.抛弃;放弃。D.discouragev.使泄气;沮丧;阻拦。 8.The chemistry teacher dipped his finger into the mixture and took it out of it. A.indirectly B.directly C.dimly D.diplomatically [答案与译文]B.化学老师把一个指头伸进混合液里,立刻又拿了出来。 [辨析及搭配]A.indirectly 间接地;拐弯抹角地。 B.directly 立即;很快;直接地。C.dimly 微暗地;朦胧地。D.diplomatically 外交上;外交地。 (上接第2面)9.Any in a watch is very delicate. A.device B.devise C.deviancy D.deviation [答案与译文]A.钟表中的任何装置都非常精巧。 [辨析及搭配]首先排除动词B.devise v.设计;发明。A.device n.装置;设备;方法;计划。C.de- viancy n.反常;背离。D.deviation n.背离;越轨;偏差。 10.His disasters were to what he had done wrong. A.despite B.in spite of C.down D.due [答案与译文]D.他遭灾难的原因是曾经干过坏事。 [辨析及搭配]根据句中的to,可否定A和B。 A.despite不管;尽管;不论。直接带短语,例句:Despite the pouring rain,he went to his post as usual.尽管大雨倾盆,他照常去上班。B.in spite of与A同义。In spite of the pouring rain,he went to his post as usual.C. down往下;沿着。D.due to因为;由于……而起。例句: Due to his illness he was lying in bed.因为生病,他躺在床上。 11.No one can any citizen’s legal right. A.be done with B.draw on C.derive from D.deprive of [答案与译文]D.谁也不能剥夺公民的合法权利。 [辨析及搭配]A.be done with了结了;完成了。 B.draw on戴(穿)上;吸收;引诱。例句:The jailer drew the prisoner on to tell his story.看守诱导囚犯把事情说出来。C.derive from得来(自);由……获得。例句: Anyone can derive a lot of pleasure from making friends.任何人都能从结交朋友中获得许多乐趣。D.deprive of剥夺;夺去。 12.The gifted engineer a model of the atomic generator. A.dragged B.drafted C.drifted D.dratted [答案与译文]B.那位天才工程师画了一幅原子发电机草图。 [辨析及搭配]A.drag拖;拉。B.draft起草;草拟。draft a plan of study草拟一份研究计划C.drift漂流;飘荡。D.drat(=damn)例句:Drat it!I forgot my key!见鬼(该死)!我忘了钥匙! 13.Mr.Black was in the ,standing there dumbfounded,not knowing what to do. A.dark B.dusk C.dawn D.dam [答案与译文]A.布莱克先生不知就里,站在那里目瞪口呆,不知怎么办好。 [辨析及搭配]A.dark黑暗,in the dark在黑暗中;不知情;蒙在鼓里。例句:Parents often keep their children in the dark about their presents on New Year’s Eve.新年前夕,父母亲常常不让孩子们知道他们的礼物。B.dusk薄暮;黄昏:It is hard to see clearly at dusk.黄昏时难看清楚东西。C.dawn黎明;破晓。例句:They take their boat out every day at dawn.他们每天黎明时起航出海。D.dam大坝。 14.An unexpected guest on us last night. A.decreased B.declined C.descended D.dropped [答案与译文]C.昨天晚上,一位不速之客突然来到我们家。 [辨析及搭配]A.decrease减少;降低。例句:The number of illiberal people is decreasing gradually.缺乏文化素养的人数在渐渐减少。B.decline下倾;下降;下垂。C.descend下来;下降;突然来访(与upon,on连用)。例句:Amy descended upon us at Christmas.艾米在圣诞节时突然来访。D.drop落下;下降;滴,drop by / in /over /round顺便来访。 E 1.economic economical 两者都是形容词,但词义不同。 economic意为“经济上的”,“经济学的”;而economical意为“节约的”,“节省的”,常用于“be economical of”结构。例如: economic growth经济增长 an economical person节俭的人 典型考题:Being of money,she managed to save enough for a holiday. A.economic B.economical C.economics D.economies 答案为B。句意:由于节省,她设法储够了度假的钱。economics经济学,经济情况;economies节约,节省,节俭。 2.efficient effective 形容词efficient与effective都表示“有效的”。efficient指“有效率的”,“高效率的”,“有能力的”,常指人;而effective表示“有效的”,“效率好的”,“得力的”,常指政策、措施等。如: a very efficient production manager 一位非常得力的生产经理 effective teaching 效果好的教学 典型考题:A lawyer needs an secretary. A.inefficient B.efficient C.effective D.sufficient 答案为B。句意:律师需要一位能干的秘书。inefficient不能胜任的,没有能力的;sufficient充分的,足够的。 3.electric electrical electric与electrical均作形容词用,但前者用来指“用电来驱动的”,“由电产生的”,后者为“与电有关的”。另外electric还可以表示“令人震惊的”。例如: an electric torch(generator)电筒(发电机) an electrical engineer电机工程师 典型考题:His speech had an effect on the crowd;they all cheered him. A.electric B.electrical C.electronic D.elastic 答案为A。句意:他的演说震撼人心,整个人群都向他欢呼。 electronic电子的;elastic有弹性的。 4.eminent imminent eminent和imminent都是形容词,词形相似,但词义不同。eminent指“著名的”,“卓越的”,“杰出的”; imminent指“即将发生的”,“迫在眉睫的”。例如: Washington was eminent both as a general and as president.华盛顿作为一位将军和总统,都是出类拔萃的。 The black clouds and the lightning show that a storm is imminent.乌云和闪电表明暴风雨即将来临。 典型考题:As we know,Churchill was one of the world’s most statesmen. A.eminent B.imminent C.illicit D.explicable 答案为A。句意:众所周知,邱吉尔是世界上最卓越的政治家之一。A与B较易混淆,前者意为“著名的”;后者意为“逼近的”,“即将发生的”。illicit违法的;explicable可解释的,可说明的。 5.emotional emotive emotional与emotive并不同义,却常被混淆。emotional表示“充满感情的”,“易动感情的”,主语多为人; emotive表示“使人激动的”,“令人感动的”之意,主语多为物。如: an emotional person 易动感情的人 an emotive speech 令人感动的演讲 典型考题:Women are often said to be more than men. A.emotions B.motions C.emotional D.emotive 答案为C。句意:常常说女人比男人易动感情。emotions是人类精神情感的总称,包括喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪;motions运动,动作。 6.enviable envious enviable表示“值得羡慕的”,多作定语用。如an enviable possession一笔令人羡慕的财产。而envious表示“羡慕的”,“嫉妒的”,常用于短语be envious of(羡慕……,嫉妒……)。 典型考题:Mary would always be of her sister’s beauty. A.envoy B.various C.enviable D.envious 答案为D。句意:玛丽总是嫉妒她妹妹的美丽。envoy使节,公使;various各种各样的,不同的。 7.equal equivalent equal与equivalent近义。但equal指在大小、质量、数量、形状、价值等方面相当或相等,常用词组be equal to(等于,和……相等),而 equivalent指在意义、重要性等抽象的方面相当或相等。另外,equal可作名词用,表“对手”,“匹敌者”。如: equal pay for equal work 同工同酬 His behavior is equivalent to treason.他的行为等于背叛。 典型考题:John knows so much about the stars that I am sure it would be impossible to find his . A.similar B.reflection C.equal D.equivalent 答案为C。句意:约翰对星球的知识如此渊博,我可以断定没有人可以与他匹敌。similar类似的,和to连用;reflection倒影,反射。 8.exhausting exhaustive exhausting与exhaustive是同根形容词,但词义差别很大。exhausting意为“使人疲惫不堪的”,“筋疲力尽的”。而exhaustive表示“彻底的”,“无遗漏的”,“广泛的”。如: We had a long and exhausting meeting this morning.今天上午我们开了一个使人疲倦的长会。 I don’t claim to be exhaustive on this subject. 我并不认为自己把这个问题讲透了。 典型考题:The professor did research before writing the article. A.exhausting B.exhaustive C.exhibited D.executed 答案为B。句意:这位教授在写这篇文章之前,做了全面的调查研究。exhibit展览,陈列; execute执行,如execute orders执行命令。
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