六级改错:认识逻辑错误
一、缺漏与赘述
1. 熟悉冠词的用法。
2. 介词也是经常被漏掉的词之一。
3. 如果句子中有两个主要动词,而它们之间并无连词连接,那么很可能其中的一个动词前缺了一个关系代词或连接代词。
4. 注意名词或动词等的修饰语中是否有两个意思相同或相近的词放在一起,若这样,则其中的一个属于赘词,或多余的。
5. 注意:如果句子已经有了主语,就不能在同一谓语前加上另外的代词,否则就构成了主语重复。
二、易混词的误用
1. 从功能即词性去判断。比如,一个句子,在其主语部分后面是句子的谓语部分,也就是说其中必有一个动词,而介词后面则应该有一个名词、代词、或名词性词组。
2. 从词形判断 单词的拼法虽不完全固定,但也有一定的规律,如大多数以-tion结尾的词都为名词,而指人的名词与指物的名词通常也是有区别的,如action与actor, economy 与economist等。
3. 从词意去判断,特别对同根异议词的不同意思及功能要熟记,如like 和alike, live和alive等。
4. 以上判断都要以对语义的判断为基础。
5. 最后还需注意,同根衍生的词,其意义上不一定相近,有时甚至相差十万八千里,如industrial意为“工业的”,而industrious 则意为“勤勉的,节俭的”。
大家一起来做套题练习一下,做的不对没关系,只要经过自己的思考就是好的。
A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poor S1. _____ immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperity S2. _____ which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were S3. _____ on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. Descriptions S4. _____ written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, S5. _____ are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today - the S6. _____ poor can still be numbered in millions. The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a S7. _____ promised land, that attracts immigrants from rural poverty S8. _____ and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the S9. _____ country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, S10. _____ sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.
答案及注解:
S1 new---a new,one指代前面出现的可数名词时,如果有形容词修饰,前面应该加冠词。本句意为:一些城市丧失了初衷,却没有找到新的方向。
S2 filling---filled,主与和动词是被动关系。实际上be filled with 表示“充满……”是一个固定句型。
S3 as though---as,just as 表示“正如”,引导的是比较状语从句。本句并非as though(仿佛,好像)引导的虚拟状语从句。本句意为:现在孟买和巴西利亚周边有一些落后的城镇,正如17世纪伦敦和19世纪初巴黎周边也有一些落后的城镇一样。
S4 This---what,This is new is the scale。 显然不合语法,句意也说不通。连接代词what 引导主语从句,what同时还在主语从句中充当主语成分。
S5 was---were,that 引导的定语从句的先行词是表示复数意思的contrasts,根据主谓一致原则 was 应改为were.
S6 dissimilar---similar,用dissimilar上下文语义矛盾,故而改用similar。
S7 lies---lie,but 后的分句是个完全倒装句,介词短语behind it 提前,主谓倒装,因主语是two myths,所以谓语动词lie 不能用单数形式。
S8 that---which,that 不能引导非限定性定语从句。其实本句是一个由and 连接的平行结构,在这个平行结构的后半部分插入了一个时间状语a few generations late。
S9 it ---then, bring的宾语指的是immigrants, it指代immigrants 不恰当。
S10 later---later, 此处是一个副词短语做时间状语。Late作为副词意为“迟,晚”,例如:The bus arrived five minute late. 公共汽车迟到了五分钟。Later做副词则意为“后来,……之后”,例如:Five years later, he became a lawyer.五年后他成了一名律师。
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