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上海新东方竺婵桢:解析2012年12月大学英语四级考试翻译真题

2012-12-25 阅读 :

   

  上海新东方新概念名师解析2012年12月大学英语四级考试翻译真题
  说起大学四六级,不少学子谈之色变,叫苦不迭,怎样才能顺利过关,各种针对性的复习诚然重要,但是考点千头万绪,考题千变万化,仅作应试复习是不够的。尤其是今年的四六级考试首次采用了"多题多卷",即同一考场内部使用多套试卷,让抱有侥幸心理的考生们更为感到措手不及。可见,只有提升英语整体水平,抓住考题万变之其宗,才是攻克四六级考试这道难关之根本途径。《新概念英语》教材素以其严密的体系性、严谨的科学性、精湛的实用性、浓郁的趣味性而颇受英语学习者的青睐,一直以来扮演着良师益友的角色,其三册内容所涵盖的大量英语知识点,也对学生应对四六级考试有着重要的辅助作用。
  下面我们就从2012年12月22日的大学英语四级翻译原题入手,分析一下新概念三册教学要点与四级考试知识点的内在联系。这次翻译考试的的考点:倒装,虚拟语气,定语从句以及一些固定搭配在新概念课本中都能找到显性或隐性的关联。
  1. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never before in my life___________(我感到如此激动)!
  参考答案:had I felt so excited
  解析:这道翻译题主要考点是英语中的"倒装"。我们先从新概念三册原文入手,找一下此类考点的影子--
  1) Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.这里把not only提到句首,构成了前面句子的部分倒装。(新概念第三册第5课)
  2)Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. 这里把neither提到句首,构成倒装。(新概念第三册第37课)
  3)Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax. 这里把"only+状语"提到句首,构成了部分倒装。(新概念第三册第40课)
  4)Nor is the city without its moments of beauty. 这里把nor提到句首,构成了倒装形式。(新概念第三册第41课)
  5)So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour. 结果状语从句so/such...that...对应的so/such位于句首,so/such引导的从句要求倒装。(新概念第三册46)
  参考了这么多新概念完全倒装或部分倒装句的原文,不难发现,上述考题考的是否定词never置于句首,整句话要求部分倒装。
  2.Yesterday Jane left the meeting early. Otherwise, she_____________________(可能会说一些后来会懊悔的话).
  参考答案:could have said something that she might/would regret later
  解析:该题核心考点是虚拟语气,辐射考点是定语从句。考虑到定语从句同学们在新概念二册的学习过程中已经有一定储备。我们从较难的虚拟语气入手,仍旧先欣赏新概念三册相关现象--
  1)Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. 本句是wish引导的和过去事实相反的虚拟语气。(新概念第三册第12课)
  2)There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race. 本句是if引导的和过去事实相反的虚拟语气。(新概念第三册第25课)
  3)The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger. 本句是if引导的和过去事实相反的虚拟语气,由于将if省略了,因此if引导的从句要求部分倒装。(新概念第三册第42课)
  4)Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos. 本句为without引导的和现在事实相反的虚拟语气。(新概念第三册第60课)
  通过上述例子不难看出,新概念三册课本的知识点都是循环递进的,从wish, if引导的初级虚拟语气进而上升到without引导的含蓄虚拟语气。
  本题考察的就是"含蓄虚拟语气"。所谓"含蓄虚拟语气",就是句子里不出现如if引导的表示假设的条件从句,但假设的条件隐含在上下文逻辑关系中。本题就是通过otherwise(否则)来暗示假设的,用if条件句进行改写就是If she hadn't left the meeting early, she could have said something that she might/would regret later.
  3. With the noise going on outside the classroom, I had great difficulty _______________(集中注意力复习功课).
  参考答案:in focusing on reviewing the lessons
  解析:本翻译题首先考的是"集中注意力做某事"的固定搭配,focus on (doing) sth.或focus one's attention on (doing) sth.或concentrate on (doing) sth. 其次还设有一处陷阱就是have great difficulty后面所跟的成分,必须是动名词,即have difficulty (in) doing sth.。
  如果你对新概念三册课文有所了解,相信一眼就能识别出该题的陷阱。请看新概念三册的原文--
  1)The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.(新概念第三册第49课)
  2)They had little difficulty in finding it, but hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem.(新概念第三册第43课)
  从上述新概念原文可以看到have difficulty (in) doing sth.还能灵活变体为 have little / some / great difficult (in) doing sth.或者 have a difficult time (in) doing sth.。这样变体可以给我们考试作文带来表达的多样化,给人耳目一新的感觉。
  4)All the information you need to apply for your visa is _______________(可以免费获取).
  参考答案:available for free
  解析:该题考的是"可获取"和"免费"两处表达。
  1)He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. (新概念第三册第38课)
  2)They invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment. (新概念第三册第41课)
  3)But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied.(新概念第三册第44课)
  从上述三处新概念三册原文例句中,我们不难发现:available一词既可以表示东西可以得到的,也可以表示人可以接近或方便有空的。这样,在做上述翻译题时看到"可获取"不难联想到available一词。
  另外为什么for free有"免费"一说,很多同学仅仅把该短语进行机械地死记硬背,或错误地认为短语中的for解释为"为了"。那for free就顺理成章翻译为"为了免费",这样说得通吗?看看在新概念三册书本中我们能够获得怎样的灵感--
  1)Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing.(新概念第三册第26课)
  2)They bought the biscuit from the student for $24,000. (新概念第三册第26课)
  3)The man said that the pen was worth £50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for £30.(新概念第三册第28课)
  上述三个例句可以说是一脉相承了,让我们对耳熟能详的for有了新的认识:第一句例句中get something for nothing , 第二句例句中 buy something for+money , 第三句例句中have something for+money。这些for 都翻译为"以……作为交换条件"。这就自然解释了for free一短语,并不是"为了免费",而是以"不用花钱作为交换条件"。
  通过上述对今年四级考试翻译题的解析,相信大家一定可以深切体会英语知识的相通性,感受到新概念教材所具有的博大知识体系和精深知识底蕴,通过对新概念英语的学习,必能帮助学生们提升英语水平,信心满满地应对四六级的考验。
  竺婵桢:
  新东方教育科技集团优秀教师,上海新东方学校新概念三册教研组组长。上海外国语大学英语语言文学学士。授课信息量大而条理清晰,扩展面宽而新颖实用;通过对教材的生动剖析,以灵活多变的教学方法,帮助学员于轻松中熟练掌握书本内外的英语知识。
本文标题:上海新东方竺婵桢:解析2012年12月大学英语四级考试翻译真题
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