大学英语六级汉译英的基本原则及经典试题

六级汉译英讲义 

　　　　一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序

（一）汉译英应试原则
 手法灵活（如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达）
 语法正确（避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误）
 内容忠实（必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删）
 语言闪光（译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样）

（二）汉译英基本程序
　　　　1．理解  通读并透彻理解原文含义
　　　　2．翻译  确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词
 3．审校  首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。
 

　　　　二、汉译英专项练习

一、倍数增减的表示法
　　　　Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
　　　　This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).
　　　　The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
　　　　The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).
　　　　They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).

二、时态
　　　　Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).  
　　　　When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了). 
　　　　When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).
　　　　I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).
　　　　Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).
　　　　He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).

三、被动语态
　　　　The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).
　　　　The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).
　　　　Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).  
　　　　When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).
　　　　_______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

四、情态动词
　　　　The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).
　　　　I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
　　　　You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).
　　　　It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).
　　　　_______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

五、虚拟语气
　　　　I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).
　　　　If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
　　　　?? Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
　　　　?? I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).
　　　　It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).
　　　　Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).
　　　　We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).
　　　　It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).
　　　　His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).
　　　　We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).
　　　　It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).
　　　　It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).
　　　　_______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
　　　　I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了).
　　　　It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就会湿的).
　　　　_______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now
　　　　If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了).
　　　　But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).
　　　　I used my calculator; _______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).
　　　　Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).
　　　　Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).
　　　　Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).
　　　　He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿).

六、不定式
　　　　It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).
　　　　It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).
　　　　It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).
　　　　The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).
　　　　Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).
　　　　The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).
　　　　We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).
　　　　He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).
　　　　We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).
　　　　The bad weather _______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).
　　　　The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).
　　　　Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空间的美国妇女).
　　　　They lifted a rock _______________(结果砸了自己的脚).
　　　　He was surprised _______________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).
　　　　I am sorry _______________(占用了您这么多时间).
　　　　I happened _______________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).
　　　　She doesn’t like _______________(被当作客人).
　　　　If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校园书店买旧书).
　　　　We did nothing _______________(除了整天打桥牌).
　　　　We were made _______________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).

七、分词
　　　　This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).
　　　　The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
　　　　The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).
　　　　The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(将平均产量提高了15%).
　　　　Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推导出它的运转原理).
　　　　_______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study. 
　　　　_______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.
　　　　_______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man. 
　　　　_______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.

八、动名词
　　　　_______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
　　　　They tried to avoid _______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).
　　　　Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).
　　　　It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣). 
　　　　He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷). 
　　　　We congratulated her on _______________(被提升为经理).

九、非谓语动词用法区别
　　　　Success means _______________(非常努力地工作). 
　　　　John meant _______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).
　　　　I heard him _______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).
　　　　I heard him _______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).
　　　　He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).
　　　　He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔断了双腿).
　　　　He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
　　　　_______________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief. 
　　　　_______________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
　　　　The pop, _______________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans.

十、名词从句
 _______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret.
 _______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. 
 _______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious.
 It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责).
 It is none of your business _______________(玛丽与谁订婚).
 Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
 This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的).
 It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).
 _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.
 My main problem right now is _______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).
 It all depends on _______________(他们是否会支持我们).
 You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).
 Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).
 Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议).

十一、定语从句
　　　　Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).
　　　　The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).
　　　　This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).
　　　　Let ABC be _______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).
　　　　Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).
　　　　He introduced me to his students, _______________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).
　　　　_______________(众所周知), water is a liquid.
 
十二、状语从句
　　　　_______________(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion. 
　　　　_______________(不管哪一方获胜), I shall be satisfied.
　　　　_______________(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.
　　　　We climbed high _______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).
　　　　The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我们两个周才解决).
　　　　You can go out _______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).
　　　　I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天发生的).

十三、比较级最高级
　　　　Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?
　　　　The buildings look _______________(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).
　　　　This is _______________(他画的最好的画之一).
　　　　The higher you climb, _______________(空气就越稀薄).

十四、倒装句
　　　　Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).
　　　　No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
　　　　The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).
　　　　Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).
　　　　Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).
 
十五、强调句
　　　　_______________(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.
　　　　_______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.
　　　　_______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river. 
　　　　_______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night. 
　　　　_______________(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.