2014年6月英语六级考试语法讲解之非谓语动词
2014-04-01 阅读 : 次
对要考英语六级的考生来说，英语非谓语动词的形式多样，意义多样，让人抓狂。而在高中听说读写拔高的课堂中，我们为什么要把它叫做二百五呢？
我们来看一下几个句子：I love her.其中的love是一般现在时，做谓语。I made a mistake yesterday.其中made是一般过去时，做谓语。I have got home.其中的have got是现在完成时，做谓语。所以，我们得出一个结论，谓语就是符合正常时态的动词。
我们再来看另外几个句子：Swimming is great.其中的swimming是动名词，做主语。The man sitting next to me is my neighbor.其中的sitting是现在分词，做定语。To see is to believe.其中的to believe是不定式，做表语。同理，我们也可以得出一个结论，不符合正常时态的就是非谓语。一般情况下，动词就是要作谓语，但是偏偏非谓语不做谓语，所以我们把它叫做动词中的二百五。
剖析一下，为什么我们学非谓语会一头雾水?以“吃”字为例，变成英文，谓语的时态有：eat, eats, ate, is eating, was eating, have eaten, had eaten和have been eating等。因此我们学习时态，有一对多的感觉，变成非谓语后有：eating, eaten, having eaten ,to eat等，因此，又变成了多对多，我们更加崩溃。
其实非谓语动词之所以变得这样人不人，鬼不鬼，完全是因为英语追求简洁的目标。很多非谓语动词都来源于原来的定语从句，状语从句和并列句等，在的高中听说读写拔高课堂上，我们会告诉学生的具体操作步骤如下：
1. 删连词及从主
2. 有be删be，其余不变
3. 无be，动词改为doing
例如：
(1).Because he had seen the film before, he went out of the cinema.
删掉连词because和从句主语he，没有be动词，因此，把had seen变成having seen.
Having seen the film before, he went out of the cinema.
(2). When our school is seen from the mountain, our school is beautiful.
删掉连词when和从句主语our school,接着删掉be动词is，就成了
Seen from the mountain, our school is beautiful.
(3). The man who is driving the car is a green hand.
删掉who和is，就成了
The man driving the car is a green hand.
在写作中，我们也提倡大家多用非谓语动词，例如
She is standing in front of windows.
She is with tears in eyes.
She is gazing at the distance.
可以变成
Standing in front of windows, she is gazing at the distance with tears in the eyes.
They were armed with new machine. They went into the cave and hoped to find the buried treasure.
可以变成：
Armed with new machine, they went into the cave hoping to find the buried treasure.
只要变成了非谓语动词，就能起到简洁且高级的作用。
我们来看一下几个句子：I love her.其中的love是一般现在时，做谓语。I made a mistake yesterday.其中made是一般过去时，做谓语。I have got home.其中的have got是现在完成时，做谓语。所以，我们得出一个结论，谓语就是符合正常时态的动词。
我们再来看另外几个句子：Swimming is great.其中的swimming是动名词，做主语。The man sitting next to me is my neighbor.其中的sitting是现在分词，做定语。To see is to believe.其中的to believe是不定式，做表语。同理，我们也可以得出一个结论，不符合正常时态的就是非谓语。一般情况下，动词就是要作谓语，但是偏偏非谓语不做谓语，所以我们把它叫做动词中的二百五。
剖析一下，为什么我们学非谓语会一头雾水?以“吃”字为例，变成英文，谓语的时态有：eat, eats, ate, is eating, was eating, have eaten, had eaten和have been eating等。因此我们学习时态，有一对多的感觉，变成非谓语后有：eating, eaten, having eaten ,to eat等，因此，又变成了多对多，我们更加崩溃。
其实非谓语动词之所以变得这样人不人，鬼不鬼，完全是因为英语追求简洁的目标。很多非谓语动词都来源于原来的定语从句，状语从句和并列句等，在的高中听说读写拔高课堂上，我们会告诉学生的具体操作步骤如下：
1. 删连词及从主
2. 有be删be，其余不变
3. 无be，动词改为doing
例如：
(1).Because he had seen the film before, he went out of the cinema.
删掉连词because和从句主语he，没有be动词，因此，把had seen变成having seen.
Having seen the film before, he went out of the cinema.
(2). When our school is seen from the mountain, our school is beautiful.
删掉连词when和从句主语our school,接着删掉be动词is，就成了
Seen from the mountain, our school is beautiful.
(3). The man who is driving the car is a green hand.
删掉who和is，就成了
The man driving the car is a green hand.
在写作中，我们也提倡大家多用非谓语动词，例如
She is standing in front of windows.
She is with tears in eyes.
She is gazing at the distance.
可以变成
Standing in front of windows, she is gazing at the distance with tears in the eyes.
They were armed with new machine. They went into the cave and hoped to find the buried treasure.
可以变成：
Armed with new machine, they went into the cave hoping to find the buried treasure.
只要变成了非谓语动词，就能起到简洁且高级的作用。
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