2013年12月英语四级阅读难点解析（5）
2013-08-02 阅读 : 次
1.In it (the communications diary) they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how may lies they told. (06.6 Passage 1)
主干：they noted the number..., and confessed to how...
主句用了两个并列的谓语动词：noted 和confessed。or连接两个名词conversations和email exchanges构成并列结构，后面有定语从句they had和现在分词短语lasting more then 10 minutes修饰。
译文：在交流日记中，他们把长达10分钟以上的谈话或者电子邮件交流的次数记录下来，并且承认了他们说谎的次数。
2.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to "global" as a concept. (06.1 Passage 1)
主干：Its strategy rests (on...)
主句用了rest on短语。冒号后的first...and second...用以解释说明冒号前的two beliefs，可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分。with which引导定语从句修饰economies of scale(规模经济)。句末的be drawn to表示“为...所吸引”，as a concept介词短语作global的后置定语，“作为概念的全球化”，或“全球化概念”。
译文：公司的策略基于两个信念：首先，全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争的规模经济;其次，21世纪的消费者认可“全球”这个概念。
3.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. (06.1 Passage 2)
主干：Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...
本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句。前一分句中，by which引导定语从句，修饰主语another method，不定式to say作表语，引号里的直接引语作say的宾语。后一分句中，that引导的从句作suggests的宾语。
译文：另外一种表面上看似乎是在道歉，而实际上并没有道歉的做法是说“你感到委屈，我很抱歉”，这表明，如果因为别人所做的事情而让你自己感到委屈的话，那么你多多少少是有过错的。
4.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (06.1 Passage 2)
主干：there is the apology
这句话用的是there be句型，主干部分容易理解。主语apology带了多个修饰语，包括前置修饰语general和all covering，后置修饰语是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句。在该定语从句中，介词of+动名词短语identifying...作定语，修饰the necessity;identifying的宾语a specific act后面带了两个定语从句，一个是由that引导，另一个是由which引导，这两个定语从句用and并列链接。which引导的定语从句中，主语the person也另外带有一个who引导的定语从句。
译文：然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉，这种道歉避免了指明特别让人伤心、特别令人委屈，道歉者应该保证不会再犯的具体行为。
5.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player's request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. (05.6 Passage 1)
主干：I recall an incident...
句子的宾语an accident后面有两个修饰语，一个是介词词组in a handball game，一个是when引导的定语从句(不是时间状语从句!)。when引导的定语从句中，有一个because引导的原因状语从句：注意从句的宾语when是指gloves。
译文：我回想起在一次手球比赛中发生的事情，一个球员曾一度要求到场外更换手套，但是裁判员认为他的手套没有湿到必须更换的程度，所以拒绝了他。
主干：they noted the number..., and confessed to how...
主句用了两个并列的谓语动词：noted 和confessed。or连接两个名词conversations和email exchanges构成并列结构，后面有定语从句they had和现在分词短语lasting more then 10 minutes修饰。
译文：在交流日记中，他们把长达10分钟以上的谈话或者电子邮件交流的次数记录下来，并且承认了他们说谎的次数。
2.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to "global" as a concept. (06.1 Passage 1)
主干：Its strategy rests (on...)
主句用了rest on短语。冒号后的first...and second...用以解释说明冒号前的two beliefs，可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分。with which引导定语从句修饰economies of scale(规模经济)。句末的be drawn to表示“为...所吸引”，as a concept介词短语作global的后置定语，“作为概念的全球化”，或“全球化概念”。
译文：公司的策略基于两个信念：首先，全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争的规模经济;其次，21世纪的消费者认可“全球”这个概念。
3.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. (06.1 Passage 2)
主干：Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...
本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句。前一分句中，by which引导定语从句，修饰主语another method，不定式to say作表语，引号里的直接引语作say的宾语。后一分句中，that引导的从句作suggests的宾语。
译文：另外一种表面上看似乎是在道歉，而实际上并没有道歉的做法是说“你感到委屈，我很抱歉”，这表明，如果因为别人所做的事情而让你自己感到委屈的话，那么你多多少少是有过错的。
4.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (06.1 Passage 2)
主干：there is the apology
这句话用的是there be句型，主干部分容易理解。主语apology带了多个修饰语，包括前置修饰语general和all covering，后置修饰语是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句。在该定语从句中，介词of+动名词短语identifying...作定语，修饰the necessity;identifying的宾语a specific act后面带了两个定语从句，一个是由that引导，另一个是由which引导，这两个定语从句用and并列链接。which引导的定语从句中，主语the person也另外带有一个who引导的定语从句。
译文：然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉，这种道歉避免了指明特别让人伤心、特别令人委屈，道歉者应该保证不会再犯的具体行为。
5.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player's request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. (05.6 Passage 1)
主干：I recall an incident...
句子的宾语an accident后面有两个修饰语，一个是介词词组in a handball game，一个是when引导的定语从句(不是时间状语从句!)。when引导的定语从句中，有一个because引导的原因状语从句：注意从句的宾语when是指gloves。
译文：我回想起在一次手球比赛中发生的事情，一个球员曾一度要求到场外更换手套，但是裁判员认为他的手套没有湿到必须更换的程度，所以拒绝了他。
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