历年四六级改错真题集合

改错: 历年全真试题及参考答案 (00.1-06.12)
00.1
Until the very latest moment of his existence, man
has been bound to the planet on which he originated and
developed. Now he had the capability to leave that planet                      S1._______
and move out into the universe to those worlds which he
has known previously only directly. Men have explored                       S2._______
parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around another
planet and possibly within the decade will land into another                    S3._______
planet and explore it. Can we be too bold as to                              S4._______
suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet                         S5._______
within the not - too - distant future ? Some have advocated
such a procedure as a solution to the population
problem: ship the excess people off to the moon. But
we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might                         S6._______
spend in carrying out the project. To maintain the
earth's population at its present level. we would have
to blast off into space 7,500 people every hour of
every day of the year.
    Why are we spending so little money on space                          S7._______
exploration ? Consider the great need for improving                          S8._______
many aspects of the global environment, one is surely
justified in his concern for the money and resources
that they are poured into the space exploration efforts.                        S9._______
But perhaps we should look at both sides of the
coin before arriving hasty conclusions.                                    S10._______
00.6
When you start talking about good and bad manners
you immediately start meeting difficulties. Many
people just cannot agree what they mean. We asked a
lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a 
well-mannered person on the way they occupied the                         S1._______
space around them―for example, when such a person
walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of                       S2._______
others. Such people never bump into other people.
     However, a second person thought that this was
more a question of civilized behavior as good manners.                      S3._______
Instead, this other person told us a story, it he                              S4._______
said was quite well known, about an American who
had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries                      S5._______
of the Middle East. The American hasn't been                              S6._______
told very much about the kind of food he might
expect. If he had known about American food, he                           S7._______
might have behaved better.
    Immediately before him was a very flat piece of
bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin (餐巾).                     S8._______
Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that it
falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been                          S9._______
watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied                          S10._______
the action of his guest.
    And that, said this second person, was a fine
example of good manners.
01.6
More people die of tuberculosis (结核病) than of any 
other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably 
been the case in quite a while. During the early stages of                     S1. ________
the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh                      S2. ________
deaths in Europe's crowded cities were caused by the                       S3. ________
disease. From now on, though, western eyes, missing the                     S4. ________
global picture, saw the trouble going into decline. With 
occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and 
infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily                        S5. ________
through the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the 
introduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened the 
trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed 
to be imported to poor countries. Medical researchers                       S6. ________
declared victory and withdrew. 
    They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of                     S7. ________
infections and deaths started to pick up again around the 
world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in                        S8. ________
many places where it had never been away, it grew better.                    S9. ________
The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7 
billion people (a third of the earth's population) suffer 
from tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate was 
falling, population growth kept the number of clinical 
cases more or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around                    S10. ________
3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor 
countries. 
02.1
Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting
behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a         S1.________
member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into
a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate     S2.________
and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey.           S3._________
To understand how this transformation has taken place we           
must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a              S4.________
million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival            S5._______
depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole
way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. They became       S6.________
chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers.
They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers.                      S7.________
Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long               S8.________
formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their
improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new       S9._______
use-that of penning ( 把……关在圈中), controlling and domesticating                     
their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The
risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival.         S10._______
02.6
A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which
are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale.
Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found
new one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poor                  S1._________
immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperity                   S2._________
which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns
on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were                 S3._________
on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nine-
teenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. Descriptions                   S4._________
written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico
City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there,                 S5._________
are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today － the               S6._________
poor can still be numbered in millions.
    The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,
but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a                       S7._________
promised land, that attracts immigrants from rural poverty                   S8._________
and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the                  S9._________
country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late,                 S10._________
sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.                    
03.6
The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that　
has recognized the need for change and done something about　
it. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity　
of the communities to which they provide information.　
It must reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk　               S1._______　
losing their readers' interest and their advertisers' support.　
Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial　                    S2.________　
minorities, the paper has put into place policies and　
procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The                 S3._______　 underlying reason for the change is that for information to be　
fair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by the　              S4._________　
same kind of population that reads it.　
     A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and　
photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times'　                 S5.________　
content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about　
diversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a content　             S6.________　
audit(审查) that evaluates the frequency and manner of　
representation of woman and people of color in photographs.　             S7._________　
    Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far too　
infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate
number of negative articles. The audit results from　                      S8.________　
improvement in the frequency of majority representation and　              S9.________　
their portrayal in neutral or positive situations. And, with a　               S10._______　
result, the Seattle Times has improved as a newspaper.　
The diversity training and content audits helped the Seattle　
Times Company to win the Personnel Journal Optimal Award　
for excellence in managing change.　　
03.9
"Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude
in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family
house is sweet or no sweet. The cherished ideal of home has great               S1.________
importance for many people.
    This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,
dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of the
American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house for one's              S2.________
family, and started a farm. These small households were portraits of              S3.________                 
independence: the entire family--mother, father, children, even
grandparents―live in a small house and working together to support　            S4.________
each other. Anyone understood the life and death importance of family            S5.________
cooperation and hard work.
     Although most people in the United States no longer live on
farms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth　          S6.________
century as it was in the nineteenth.
     When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II, for　                S7.________
example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there          S8.________
was a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically                     
in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it                 S9.________
satisfied a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of　        S10.________
their way of life.　                                 

03.12
Thomas Malthus published his "Essay on the Principle of
Population" almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecasters
have being warning that worldwide famine was just around the                S1________
next corner. The fast-growing population's demand for food,
they warned, would soon exceed their supply, leading to                      S2________
widespread food shortages and starvation.
But in reality, the world's total grain harvest has risen
steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble spots                S3________
like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests,                S4________
the world's food crisis has remained just around the corner.                 
Most experts believe this can continue even as if the population                 S5________
doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billion               
people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental                S6________
reasons. Optimists point to concrete examples of continued                
improvements in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed,                   S7________
more fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more than
double corn and wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, rice                  S8________
experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few stems                  S9_________
and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant breeders can
continue to develop new, higher-yielding crop, but most
researchers see their success to date as reason for hope.                        S10________
04.6
Culture refers to the social heritage of a people - the
learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize
a population or society, include the expression of these                    S1._______
patterns in material things. Culture is compose of non-material              S2._______
culture -abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs
and institutional arrangements and material culture -                 
physical object like cooking pots, computers and bathtubs.                 S3._______
In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything               S4._______
we make. In ordinary speech, a person of culture is             
the individual can speak another language - the person who                S5._______       
is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or                 S6._______
history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured,          
because of culture is the common world of experience we                  S7._______
share with other members of our group.
Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a                  S8._______
kind of map for relating to others. Consider how you find
your way about social life. How do you know how to act in a
classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who              
smiles or laugh at you?                                              S9._______
Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized,                     S10._______
ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.
Therefore, if we know a persons culture, we can understand
and even predict a good deal of his behavior.
05.1
The World Health Organization (WHO) says its ten-year
campaign to remove leprosy (麻风病) as a world health
problem has been successful. Doctor Brundtland, head of the
WHO, says a number of leprosy cases around the world has                 S1._______                                                           
been cut of ninety percent during the past ten years. She says                S2._______
efforts are continuing to complete end the disease.                        S3._______
Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid from
the nose and mouth. The disease mainly effects the skin and                S4._______
nerves. However, if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanent
damage for the skin, nerves, eyes, arms or legs.                          S5.________
In 1999, an international campaign began to end leprosy.
The WHO, governments of countries most affected by the
disease, and several other groups are part of the campaign.
This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients, even they                S6._______
are poor, have a right to the most modern treatment.
Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease
that requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead,
patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. This                   S7._______
modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months,
depend on the form of the disease. The treatment combines                S8.________
several drugs taken daily or once a month. The WHO has
given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five                S9.________
years. The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to
target the countries which still threatened by leprosy. Among             S10_______
the estimated 600,000 victims around the world, the WHO
believes about 70% are in India. The disease also remains a
problem in Africa and South America.
05.12
Every week hundreds of CVs(简历) land on our desks.
We’ve seen it all: CVs printed on pink paper, CVs that are 10
pages long and CVs with silly mistakes in first paragraph. A               S1 ________
good CV is your passport to an interview and ,ultimate , to                S2________
the job you want.
Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented CV
could mean acceptance, regardless of what’s in it.                       S3_______
Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile.                   S4_______
Print your CV on good-quality white paper.
CVs with flowery backgrounds or pink paper will
stand out upon all the wrong reasons.                                 S5_______
Get someone to check for spelling and grammatical
errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every                       S6________
mistake. CVs with errors will be rejected－it shows
that you don’t pay attention to detail.
Restrict your self to one or two pages, and
listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet.                   S7_______
If you are sending your CV electronically, check the
formatting by sending it to yourself first. keep up                       S8_______
the format simple.
Do not send a photo unless specifically requested. If
you have to send on ,make sure it is one taking in a                     S9________
professional setting, rather than a holiday snap.
Getting the presentation right is just the first step. What
about the content? The Rule here is to keep it factual and
truthful-exaggerations usually get find out. And remember               S10_______
to tailor your CV to each different job.
06.6
Until recently, dyslexia and other reading problems were
a mystery to most teachers and parents. As a result, too many
kids passed through school without master the printed page.                S1_______
Some were treated as mentally deficient; many were left
functionally illiterate(文盲的), unable to ever meet their
potential. But in the last several years, there’s been a
revolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia.                S2_______
Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques to
watch the brain at work. Their experiments have shown that
reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect,           S3_______
faulty writing in the brain－not lazy, stupidity or a poor home              S4________
environment. There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia             S5________
is largely inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem
for some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have also
discarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics are
boys. Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well－               S6________
and not getting help.
At same time, educational researchers have come up                  S7________
with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are having
trouble learning to read. New screening tests are identifying
children at risk before they get discouraged by year of                    S8________
frustration and failure. And educators are trying to get the
message to parents that they should be on the alert for the
first signs of potential problems.
It’s an urgent mission. Mass literacy is a relative new                S9________
social goal. A hundred years ago people didn’t need to be
good readers in order to earn a living. But in the Information
Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and               S10________
understand increasingly complex material.
06.12老六级
The most important starting point for improving the
understanding of science is undoubtedly an adequate
scientific education at school. Public attitude towards
science owe much the way science is taught in these                    S1________
institutions. Today, school is what most people come into                S2________
contact with a formal instruction and explanation of science
for the first time, at least in a systematic way. It is at this
point which the foundations are laid for an interest in science.            S3________
what is taught (and how) in this first encounter will largely
determine an individual’s view of the subject in adult life.
Understanding the original of the negative attitudes                S4________
towards science may help us to modify them. Most education
system neglect exploration, understanding and reflection.               S5________
Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of
facts, often by more detail than necessary. As a result,                   S6________
children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas
or the periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards. The             S7________
task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes
learning laborious, boring and efficient. Such a purely                   S8________
empirical approach, which consists of observation and
description, is also, in a sense, unscientific or incomplete.
There is therefore a need for resources and methods of
teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in                S9________
an enjoyable way. Science should not only be ‘fun’ in the
same way as playing a video game, but ‘hard fun’----a deep
feeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative                S10________
engagement.
06年12月新六级
The National Endowment for the Arts recently released
the results of its “Reading at Risk” survey, which described
the movement of the American public away from books and
literature and toward television and electronic media.
According to the survey, “reading is on the decline on every             S1________
region, within every ethnic group, and at every educational level.”
The day the NEA report released, the U.S. House, in a tie           S2________
vote, upheld the government’s right to obtain bookstore and
library records under a provision of the USA Patriot Act. The
House proposal would have barred the federal government
from demand library records, reading lists, book customer                S3________
lists and other material in terrorism and intelligence investigations.
These two events are completely unrelated to, yet they               S4________
echo each other in the message they send about the place of
books and reading in American culture. At the heart
of the NEA survey is the belief in our democratic                       S5________
system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze
texts and writing clearly. All of these are skills promoted by               S6________
reading and discussing books and literature. At the same time,
through a provision of the Patriot Act, the leaders of our
country are unconsciously sending the message that reading
may be connected to desirable activities that might                       S7________
undermine our system of government rather than helping
democracy flourish.
Our culture’s decline in reading begin well before the                 S8________
existence of the Patriot Act. During the 1980s’ culture wars,
school systems across the country pulled some books from
library shelves because its content was deemed by parents                 S9________
and teachers to be inappropriate. Now what started in schools
across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage and                S10________
is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of the
American public.
 
 
 
参考答案：
 
00.1
S1. had→has
S2. directly→indirectly
S3. into→on
S4. too→so
S5. plant→planets / worlds
S6. head→mind
S7. little→much
S8. Consider→Considering
S9. they→/
S10. (arriving)∧(hasty)→at
00.6
S1. on→by
S2. unaware→aware
S3. as→than
S4. it→which
S5. at→in
S6. hasn't→hadn't
S7. American→Arab
S8. as→like
S9. falls→fell
S10. of→/
01.6
S1. in→for
S2. seventh→seven
S3. were→was
S4. now→then
S5. the→/
S6. imported→exported
S7. are→were
S8. (tuberculosis)∧(vanished)→had
S9. better→worse
S10. constantly→constant
02.1
S1. Viewing→Viewed
S2. inaccurate→accurate
S3. (,)∧(enjoys)→he
S4. up→/
S5. year→years
S6. if→/
S7. co-operate→co-operated
S8. when→after
S9. were→was
S10.farming→hunting
02.6
S1. (found)∧(new)→a
S2. filling→filled
S3. though→/
S4. This→What
S5. was→were
S6. dissimilar→similar
S7. lies→lie
S8. that→which
S9. it→them
S10. late→later
03.6
S1.it→they　
S2.percents→percent　
S3.maintain→maintaining　
S4.subjective→objective　
S5.meets→meet
S6.an→/ 　
S7.woman→women　
S8.from→in　
S9.majority→minority　
S10.with→as
03.9
S1. no→not
S2. place→land
S3. started→start
S4. working→work
S5. anyone→everyone
S6. but→/
S7. before→after
S8. But→So
S9. it→they
S10. (house)∧(the)→as
03.12
S1. being→been
S2. their→its
S3. relative→relatively
S4. good→bad
S5. as→/
S6. politics→political
S7. by→for
S8. double→doubled
S9. few→more
S10.(as)∧(reason)→the
04.6
S1. include→including
S2. compose→composed
S3. object→objects
S4. or→and
S5. (individual)∧(can)→who
S6. unfamiliar→familiar
S7. of→/
S8. essentially→essential
S9. laugh→laughs
S10. by→with
05.1
S1. a→the
S2. of→by
S3. complete→completely
S4. effects→affects
S5. for→to
S6. (even) ∧(they)→if/though
S7. that→what
S8. depend→depending
S9. freely→free
S10. (which)∧(still)→are
05.12
S1. (in)∧(first)→the
S2. ultimate→ultimately
S3. acceptance→unacceptance
S4. end→ending
S5. upon→/
S6. (will)∧(pick)→not
S7.listing→list
S8.up→/
S9.taking→taken
S10.find→found
06.6
S1 master→mastering
S2 that→which
S3 an→/
S4 lazy→laziness
S5 which→that
S6 affecting→affected
S7 (at)∧(same)→the
S8 year→years
S9 relative→relatively
S10 with→without
06.12老
S1.(much)∧(the)→to
S2.what→where
S3.which→that
S4.original→origin
S5.system→systems
S6.by→in
S7.it→them
S8.efficient→inefficient
S9.facilitates→facilitate
S10.possibly→possible
06.12新
S1. on→in
S2. (report)∧(released)→was
S3. demand→demanding
S4. to→/
S5  in→that
S6. writing→write
S7.desirable→undesirable
S8. begin→began
S9. its→theirs
S10. nation→national