短文改错――六级高分方略
具体答题方法如下：
☆ 改正 将文中错词用斜线(/)划去，在后面横线上填入正确的词，表示替换该错词。 （请注意我们文章里面用的是periods这种横线，考试应该划斜线的）
☆ 删去 在文中将错词用斜线(/)划去，在后面横线上也划一斜线(/)，表示该错词是多余的。
☆ 增添 在文中两词间加“∧”号，表示有遗漏，然后在横线上添入遗漏的词的正确形式。
例 ----
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. /
as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the
l 题型范例与分析
大学英语六级改错是六级考试不同于其他英语水平考试的一种特殊形式。它之所以备受出题者的青睐，是因为它需要考生对英语具备相当高的综合能力。考生的得分率往往不高。无论语法、词汇、理解还是惯用法都能成为改错的对象，因此考生要在改错方面取得好成绩必须具备较好的语言基础知识(词汇、短语和语法)和相当的语言综合运用能力(词义、词形、词性、句型、结构、固定短语等)。
为了让考生迅速熟悉六级改错的题型并掌握解改错题的基本方法，这里以一篇六级改错真题和一篇六级改错模拟题为例，详细讨论六级改错的题型特点，并加以归纳、总结，使考生对六级改错有全面的了解，掌握解题思路和技巧，不至于考试时看到一道改错题，觉得无从下手。
ONE
Living is risky. Crossing the road, driving a car, flying,
swallowing an aspirin tablet or eating a chicken sandwich―they
can all be fatal. Clearly some risks worth taking, especially 71._______
when the rewards are high: a man surrounded by flames and
smoke generally considers that jumping out of a second floor
window is an acceptable risk to save its life. But in medicine a 72._______
few procedures, drugs, operations or tests are really a matter of 73._______
life and death. There may be sound medicine reasons for ac- 74. _______
cepting electrical shock treatment, but such reasons are totally
dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients. 75. _______
Surgery for cancer may cure or prolong a life, but the re-
moval of tonsils(扁桃体)cannot save anything a sore throat. 76. _______
Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a
heart attack, but these same drugs may be both necessary and 77. _______
harmful for those with only mild blood pressure problems.
Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are preparing to 78._______
put up with in the name of better health is a high personal mat- 79. _______
ter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. 80. _______
[注释]
71 risks ∧ worth → are
本句有一个由“when”引导的时间状语从句。主句“Clearly some risks worth taking”缺少谓语动词。worth是形容词，一般用于短语“be worth doing”(值得做某事)。原句中错把worth当成动词，漏掉了一个系动词are。
72 its → his
本句比较长，首先分析其结构：a man是主语；“surrounded by … smoke”是分词的后置定语；considers是主要谓语动词；that引导宾语从句；从句中“jumping…window”是动名词做主语；is是系动词；“an acceptable risk”是表语；to save its life是risk的定语。此句意为：“一个被火焰和浓烟包围的人一般认为跳出二楼窗户是救他的命的一个可以承受的冒险办法。”因而这里life指的是这个人的life，代词its用错了，要改为his。这属于代词与先行词一致性方面的错误。
73 are ∧ really → not
本句语法上没有错误，但是从上下文的理解来看，本句应是否定含义，不是肯定含义。从句首的“But”转折连词判断，上文提到跳窗户救命是关系生死的大事，但是在医学上，一些实验、程序等等却不是关系生死的事情。“a matter of life and death”是“涉及生死的事情”。此处属于篇章理解错误。
74 medicine → medical
此处是词性错误。medicine是名词“医学、医药”的意思，不能用来修饰后面的名词reasons,因而要改成形容词medical。
75 in → on
此处是固定搭配错误。depend on：依靠。dependent是depend的形容词形式。dependent on：依靠……的。
76 anything ∧ a → but
“cannot save anything a sore throat”句意不通顺，anything和a sore throat(喉咙痛)是两个名词短语，不能叠用，中间根据句意应加上一个but。全句译为：切除扁桃体只能治喉咙痛。这属于连接词错误。
77 necessary → unnecessary
本句属于篇章理解错误。necessary and harmful构成一对矛盾，因而要把表示正面含义的necessary变成表示负面含义的unnecessary。
78 preparing → prepared
“be prepared to do …”是固定短语，意思是“准备做某事”，相当于“be ready to do …”。这里prepared作形容词用。“be preparing”只能解释为进行时态，很显然这里不应用进行时态。put up with：承受、忍受。
79 high → highly
high是形容词，后面personal也是形容词，形容词不能修饰另一个形容词，因而把high变成highly。副词可以修饰形容词。这属于词性错误。
80 remain → leave
remain：保持、仍然，是一个表示状态的动词，其用法和系动词“be”相似，后面所接成分一般是名词或形容词，作表语。例如： He remains silent all through the night. leave是“留下，留给”的意思，是及物动词。leave sth.to sb：把某物留给某人。例如：Please leave the reference book to me. 本句很明显是leave …to …的句型，所以应把remain改成leave。这是易混词错误。
根据以上改错真题分析可以看出，错误类型主要有篇章理解错误(73、77)，词性错误(71、74、79)，固定搭配错误(75、78)，代词与先行词一致性方面的错误(72)，易混词错误(80)，连接词错误(76)。
TWO
Punctuality(准时) means observing(遵守) regular or ap-
pointed time. A man who gets up at seven o"clock every morn-
ing is punctual. A man who has permitted to call on a friend at 71. _______
five o"clock in the afternoon and actually does such at that hour 72. ______
is also punctual.
Punctuality is a good habit, and unpunctuality is a bad
one. A few minutes delay may not be a serious matter. 73. _______
But it may have bad results. Getting up five minutes later than
usually may upset the plan of the day. 74. ____
Call on a friend five minutes later than the appointed time may 75. _______
cause him some unexpected trouble. Nevertheless, habitual un- 76._______
punctuality leads to indolence(懒惰) and even failure in life.
One delay after another makes a man unable to exert himself. It
also proves him be untrustworthy. 77._______
Those who are unpunctual should try their best to get rid
from their bad habit. In doing this, they should avoid making 78. ______
any kind of exception. They should ever say to themselves:“A 79.______
few minutes’ delay does not matter this time. I shall never be
unpunctual again.” Those who think in this way will find excus-
es for delay from time to time, and will at least give up the at-
tempt cultivating the good habit of punctuality. 80. ______
Like all other good habits, punctuality becomes second na-
ture with those who have duly cultivated it.
[注释]
71 permitted → promised
permit作为动词，是“允许”的意思，常用于词组permit sb. to do sth.：允许某人做某事。根据上下文，此处应译为：“一个许诺下午五点钟拜访一位朋友，而事实上也做到了这一点的人是准时的”。这里所表达的意思是“许诺”，不是“允许”，应用promise,并且promise to do sth.是“许诺做某事”的意思，从语法上也符合。此句是易混词错误。
72 such → so
such和so的共同点在于两者都是代词，都是“这样”的意思。区别在于such不能单独代替某成份，而so可以独立代替前文所提及的事。如此句中does such a thing = does so,但是does such却不符合语法。本句属于代词误用错误。
73 minutes → minutes"
本句中minutes是名词，不能直接修饰后面的名词delay，应该用名词所有格形式，改成minutes"。这属于词性错误。
74 usually → usual
usually是副词，意思是“通常地”。这里five minutes later than usual中的“… than usual”是固定搭配。usual的类似用法还有as usual(和平常一样)。这是固定搭配错误。
75 Call → Calling/To call
本句主语是一个动词短语，但是动词短语做主语时，其中的动词只能用动名词或不定式的形式，因而把Call改成Calling或To call。此句属于非谓语动词错误。
76 Nevertheless → Moreover
Nevertheless作为连词，表示转折，意思是“然而，但是”。根据上下文理解，这里应是一个递进关系，不是转折关系。前一句是“迟到五分钟会给他带来预想不到的麻烦”，后一句说“经常不准时导致懒惰和失败”，因而是更进一步说明的递进关系，须把nevertheless改成moreover。这是连接词错误。
77 him ∧ be → to
“prove sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意思是“证明某人做某事”。原句缺少不定式标志to。这属于固定搭配的错误。 78 from → of
“get rid of”是固定搭配，意思是“摆脱”。用from是错误用法，应把它改成“of”。这属于固定搭配错误。
79 ever→ never
本句属于篇章理解方面的错误。根据上下文，此句应是否定句。上文说“他们应该避免有任何例外”，下文说“这样想的人总会为他们的迟到找借口”，因而此句作者要表达的意思是“他们不应该这样说……”，所以要把ever改成never。
80 cultivating → to cultivate
cultivate意思是“培养”，这里做名词attempt的定语。“attempt （n.） to do sth.”意思是“做某事的尝试/努力”，应用不定式做后置定语。此句属于非谓语动词错误。
从以上改错模拟题的分析，可以看出，主要错误类型有易混词错误(71)，代词误用错误(72)，词性错误(73)，固定搭配错误(74、77、78)，非谓语动词错误(75、80)，连接词错误(76)。综合以上二篇改错考题的分析，我们可以看到，很难说出全部错误类型，因为无论是语法或词汇等方面小的细节还是篇章理解等大的方面都能成为改错的对象。由于考生不仅要理解单个句子，更需要理解上下文逻辑关系或其发展的脉络，才能进行判断和订正，所以，综合改错的难度超越了词汇本身测试的难度。
另外，综合改错题的设计兼有句子改错题及完形填空题的双重特点。句子改错题的特点是：测试语言知识，四个划线部分必有一错。完形填空题的特点是：测试篇章能力为主，每个空格有四个选项，仅择其一。而综合改错题的特点是含错误项的句子中，由于错项与其他干扰项没有单独用横线标出，因此错误项和正确项互相干扰，难以把握。此外，综合改错题不象完形填空题那样给出备选的正确答案，对大多数考生来说，正确地判断并改正错误是相当难的。 但是，尽管很难把改错题完全分类，这并不意味着无规则可循。经过对各类考试以及历年考题的分析、总结，我们归纳出九种主要错误类型。虽然这九个类型并不能代表所有的错误类型，但是它们能为广大考生提供思考问题的方法，使他们在做改错题时，能够有的放矢，准确迅速地找到并改正错误。
第二讲 题型透析及应试技巧 ----
l 常考典型错误
A.一致性方面的错误
① 主谓一致
主谓不一致错误是CET-6综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。
例： The president of the company, together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.
句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”，介词短语“together with the workers”与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数is。
② 名词单复数
有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如many, several, a number of, a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。
例： Computer, as we all know, has many possible use in different fields.
句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的，所以use应改为uses。
③ 代词与先行词一致
代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。
例：
A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors" study because without them one can read books only in translation.
本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。them错指a knowledge of several languages,因为其中knowledge是中心词，所以要把them改为it。
B.时态、语态、虚拟语气
① 时态错误
在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感，准确判断句中动作的时态。
例： He can"t remember what he once knows.
主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。
② 语态错误
在CET-6综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动，因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。
例：
She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.句意：当她听这个叙述的时候，她很生气没有被告知真相。这里“她”是被告诉的对象，因而telling应改为being told。
③ 虚拟语气错误
虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。
例：
We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“is”应改为“be”或“should be”。类似的动词还有demand, insist, order，等等。
C.连接词、并列句、从属句
这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。 例：
Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, since technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like.
句中连词“since”用错了，逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系，但是since使之变成了因果关系，整个句子变得模糊不清。应把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。
D.形容词、副词比较级、最高级
这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲，考生不难掌握。
例：
Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.此句costly是形容词，意思是“昂贵的”。它的比较级形式是more costly。costlier是错误的形式，须改成costly。
E.平行结构
平行结构错误主要指在连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。
例：
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped.
本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now, which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而to be dropped应改为to drop。
F.非谓语动词
非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。
例：
The idea that learn a foreign language is hard work is realized by every student.分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。
G.固定搭配
固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的关键在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。
例：
It also takes rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology.
句中“takes rise to”是错误搭配，应把“takes”改为gives。“give rise to”是固定表达，有“引起、导致”的意思。考生需要平时积累动介词、动副词等词组以及诸多习惯用语。
H.词性错误
词性误用句中，错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上。做这类改错题，首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置，然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般说来，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，副词修饰形容词。 例：
We are not [ZZ(Z]necessary[ZZ)] capable of doing such an exacting job.
句中形容词necessary用于修饰形容词capable,属于词性误用，应改为副词形式necessarily。
I.易混淆的词
英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似，如assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise, effect/affect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型。
例： His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 句中“award”是“颁发，授予(奖赏)”之义，而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把award改成reward。
l 解题思路与技巧
从上面的错误类型分析可知，做改错题一定要具有一双“慧眼”。重要的不是自己会运用一个语法点或知识点，而是能够识别出错误的用法，以审查的眼光去面对每一个改错题。这就需要掌握必要的答题步骤和技巧。
答题步骤：
① 一般来说，做题时千万不要拿起来就改。先花一、两分钟从头到尾通读全文，对文章大致内容有所了解，做到心中有数。 ② 然后把重点放在有错误项的标有题号行，寻找较容易辩认的语法错误，如主谓不一致、时态、语态使用错误、非谓语动词错误等等。
③ 如果错行中不存在上述明显错误，则应查看是否有词语搭配错误，易混词错误、词性错误等等细节错误。
④ 如果错行中既不存在语法错误，也不存在词汇错误，则从整体上查看上下文意思是否连贯，连接词是否使用正确，是否有逻辑混乱的现象，如否定句误用成肯定句造成句意不通等。注意：有时没有错项的行对改错很有帮助。
⑤ 找到错误项之后，按要求形式进行改正、删去或增添，并设法找到一个正确项使句子在语法、语义和逻辑上都成立。
---- 第三讲 实战训练 ----
热点试题
PASSAGE 1
When some nineteenth century New Yorkers said “Harlem”,
they meant almost all of Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street.
Toward the end of the century, however, a group
of citizens in upper Manhattan-want perhaps, to shape a closer 1._________
and more precise sense of community―designated a section that
they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was the
Harlem which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the 2.________
new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and
lower blocks of the West Side.
As the community became predominantly Black, the very
word“Harlem” seemed to lose its old meaning. At time it was 3.________
easy to forget that “Harlem”was originally the Dutch name
“Harlem”; the community it described had been founded by 4.________
people from Holland；and that for most of its three centuries―it
was first settled in the sixteen hundreds―it had been preoccupied 5.________
by White New Yorkers. “Harlem”became synonymous to 6.________
Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there
used the word as though they had coined it on themselves―not 7.________
only to designate their area of residence but to express their
sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the
years passed, “Harlem”asserted an even larger meaning. In 8.________
the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., the pastor of the
Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem “became the symbol of liberty
and the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere”.
By 1919 Harlem"s population had grown by several thousand.
It had received its share of wartime migration from the South,
the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the
new arrivals merely lived for Harlem; it was New York they had 9.________
come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities
of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New
York was merely the city in which they found themselves:
Harlem was exactly what they wished to be. 10.________
[注释]
1. want→ wanting
该句的谓语动词在破折号之后，即“designate”，因此有必要将前一动词变成分词形式。
2. Harlem ∧ which → to
黑人们搬进了Harlem，因此这里Harlem是先行词，关系代词应当表示地点，即可以是where，也可以是“介词+which”的形式。
3. time → times
“at a time”是“一次”的意思，而“at times”是“时而，偶尔”的意思。
4.Harlem; ∧ the community → that
“forget”后面引导的是三个宾语从句，在这种情况下，“that”通常不能省略。
5.preoccupied → occupied
“be preoccupied with sth.”指“忙于某事”。“occupy”是“占领”之意。
6．to → with
“by synonymous with”是“与……等同”“与……意义相同”的意思,与synonymous搭配的是介词with。
7.on → ／
“by themselves”或“on their own”都表示“他们自己”的意思，“coin”是“创造”之意。
8.asserted → assumed “assert”是“肯定，断定”，“assume”指开始具有某种(品质或形象等)，强调的是一个从无到有的发展过程。
9.for → in
由下文“it was New York they had come to”可知这些人并非是为Harlem而活着，因为他们的目标是整个纽约城，他们只是居住在Harlem罢了。
10.what → where
本段中Harlem还是作为一个地区名存在，相关的思想意义并不多。
热点试题
PASSAGE 2
The white House began to be built in 1792, but it was not
completed until ten years later. Every American president lived
in it except for George Washington, although he did have a 1.________
majority part in designing it. 2.________
The government held a competition to choose the best
design for the president"s house. The winner was a young man of 3.________
South Carolina, James Hoban. His design was a three-level
house of stone. And President Washington made some changes
in the winning design. He made the house long and wider, and 4.________
changed it into a two-storied house instead of three.
The second president, John Adams, was first to live in the 5.________
White House. When he and his wife moved onto the new house 6.________
in November, 1800, work was still going on, although the main
live area was completed. The whole work did not finish until the 7.________
administration of the 3rd president, Thomas Jefferson.
Twelve years later, the British army invaded Washington
and burned the White House. The fire completely destroyed the
inside of the building and experts said the White House was so 8.________
dangerous to live in. Later on workers rebuilt the inside of the
White House. More offices were added, most of which underground. 9.________
None of the work, however, changed the appearing of 10.________
the building. Many people asked why the president"s house is
called the White House. Historians say it has been so called
simply because it was painted white.
[注释]
1.for → ／
在句子中说明前后两个相等成份的关系时用except，否则用except for。本句是说每位美国总统，除了乔治・华盛顿，都曾在白宫居住过，“Every American president”与“George Washington”为对等成分，故应去掉for。
2.majority → major
majority意为“大多数”、“半数以上”，一般后接复数名词，而major则为“主要的”。本句意为“华盛顿在设计白宫中起了主要作用”，故应用major。
3.of → from
要表示一个人的家乡在哪里，介词应为from。
4.long → longer
本句意思是说华盛顿把白宫设计得比原来更长，更宽了一些。与原来作比较，long当然应用比较级，而且and连接的两个形容词也应为对等成分，既然wider是比较级，long也应为比较级。
5. was ∧ first → the
the +序数词具有名词意味，在这里the first即表示the first president。
6. onto → into
“搬进新居”应为“move in”或“move into”,move on意为“继续前进”，而“move onto”则是不存在的。
7.live → living
live (a)意为“活着的”，而“living”则是“适于居住的”、“生活的”。the living area意为“适于居住的地区”。
8. so → too
原文说，战火把楼房的内部完全烧毁了，专家们说白宫太危险了，不能居住了，所以后来工人们才又重修白宫内部。“太……太……”应为“too…too…”。
9. which ∧ underground → were 或which → them
本句有两种改法，若想使这部分成为非限制性定语从句，则which引导一个句子，后面应加一个“were”；若想使这部分为独立成分，则改which为them。
10. appearing → appearance
原句意思是说，重建白宫的工作并未改变它的外貌。appearing为appear(出现)的v. + ing形式，appearance意为“外观，外貌”。
热点试题
PASSAGE 3
There are great many reasons for studying what philosophers 1.________
have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the
history of philosophy from which of science. Philosophy is 2.________
large discussion about matters on which few people are quite 3.________
certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledge
increases, philosophy buds off the sciences.
For an example, in the ancient world and the Middle Ages 4.________
philosophers discussed motion. Aristotle and St. Thomas
Aquinas taught that a moving body would slow down until a force 5.________
were constantly applied to it. They were wrong. It goes on moving
unless something slows it down. But they had good arguments on
their side, and if we study these, and the experiments
which proved them right this will help us to distinguish truth 6.________
from false in the scientific controversies of today. 7.________
We also see how different philosopher reflects the social 8.________
life of his day. Plato and Aristotle, in the slave-owning society
of ancient Greece, thought man’s highest state was contemplation
rather than activity. In the Middle Ages St. Thomas
believed a regular feudal system of nine ranks of angels. Herbert 9.________
Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists,
found the key to progress as the survival of the fittest. Thus 10.________
Marxism is seen to fit into its place as the philosophy for
the workers, the only class with a future.
[注释]
1. are ∧ great → a
a great many为固定搭配，修饰可数名词，意为“很多，大量”，后面的名词用复数形式。
2. which → that
that这里做代词，指代前文已经提到的“history”一词，而which可做疑问代词或定语从句的引导词，代这里不能用。
3. large → largely
largely这里是副词，意为“在很大程度上”，如果有人打算把large考虑成修饰discussion的形容词，那么，前边势必加冠词a或the,但没有large discussion的说法，所以这里只能把large改换成副词.
4. an → /
for example是固定搭配，意为“例如”，中间不加不定冠词an。
5. until → unless
until常和not连用，形成not…until句式，所以not是检验until是否用对的一个标志。这句在说：“亚里士多德和圣托马斯・阿奎那都认为一个运动的物体除非给它不停地使力，否则它就会停下来”。unless这里是“除非”的意思。
6. right → wrong
这句话说“但是他们那一方面有很好的论证。如果我们研究这些论述和证明这些说法是错误的那些实验，那么我们就会辨清今日科学纠纷的真与假”。根据上下文判断，这里应是wrong。
7. false → falsehood
这里需要一个名词，因此把false改为falsehood。
8. different → every
这句谓语动词和主语均为第三人称单数，而用different修饰的名词一般用复数形式，因此需要改变different。再看下文，列举了诸位哲学家，因此可把different 改为every，既不妨碍句子意思，又符合语法规则。
9. believed ∧ a → in
believe in 意为“相信”，后常接名词，而believe则为“相信或认为”，后常接从句，因此加上一个介词in。
10. as → in
此句意为“斯宾塞在资本主义自由竞争时期，发现进步的关键在于适者生存”，此句的另一表达方式为“Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists, found the survival of the fittest as the key to progress.”而按现有语序，需把as改成in。
热点试题
PASSAGE 4
Aphrodite loved Adonis more than she did to heaven, for 1.________
He was a brisk, lovely young hunter. She abandoned her residence
at Olympus and took to the woods, where she dressed
herself up like a huntress and kept the youth companion all day 2.________
long. With him she roved through bushy grounds and groves and
over hills and dales, cheering hounds and pursuing game of a
harmless sort. They had a great time together. However, she
warned him many times to chase wild beasts like lions and 3.________
wolves, but the young man just laughed at the idea.
One day, after warning him thus, she left to Olympus in 4.________
her chariot. Quite by chance Adonis" hounds found a boar, that 5.________
roused Adonis to enthusiasm. He hit the beast with a dart, and 6.________
the boar, turning on him ,buried its white tusk deep into his
tender side and trampled him to death.
When Aphrodite came back to find her lover cold in death,
she burst into a passion of tears. Unable to wrest him back from
the low world, she sprinkled nectar on Adonis" blood and 7.________
turned it into anemone, a delicate purple flower.
Aphrodite was, therefore, still inconsolable. In grief and 8.________
despair she flew to Zeus and implored him to restore Adonis to
her. Though she had Zeus" sympathy, Hades was by no means
prepared to comply with her request. After the much dispute a 9.________
compromise was worked out under which Adonis was to spend
half the year above ground with Aphrodite, but the rest six 10.________
months in the Elysian Fields. Therefore, in spring time Adonis
came back to the loving embrace of Aphrodite, but when winter
came he had to return most reluctantly to Hades.
[注释]
1. to → /
did这里代表前文提到的动词loved，是及物动词，不用介词就可直接加宾语。
2. companion → company
keep sb. company是固定搭配，意为“与某人做伴”，companion与company是同义词，都是“伴侣”之意，但companion是可数名词，而company则不可数。
3. times ∧ to → not
warn sb. not to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“警告某人不要做某事”。很多有“警告某人做某事”的说法，况且这里根据上下文知道Aphrodite常警告Adonis不要捕猎狮、狼一类凶猛的野兽。
4. to → for
leave for a place,意为“出发去某地”，介词用for不用to。
5. that → which
这里是一个非限制定语从句，应该用which引导。
6. and → but
这里有一个语气的转折，前一个分句说“他用标枪投中了这头野兽”，后面一个分句紧接
着就说“但这只野猪却向他扑来……”前后形成对比，一个讲人的行动，一个讲兽的行动，两者互相攻击。
7. low → lower 做形容词用的low，有“地位低下”之意，但也常有“品质、道德”败坏之意，所以引申意常代替本意。这里lower world指的是“冥府,地下”，是和地下世界比较而言，因此较常用low的比较级形式。
8. therefore → however
上下文说Aphrodite把死去的Adonis变成了一种美丽的花，但仍不感到安慰，又向宙斯求助要他向冥王把Adonis讨回。因此，这里如果用therefore则隐含“感到安慰”之意，如果是however，则表转折，意为“仍不满足”。
9. the → ／
dispute是不可数名词，意为“争辩、讨论”。much dispute表示“大量争吵，讨价还价”，the完全不必要。
10. rest → remaining
rest表“剩下”时，可说the rest of… 或只说the rest，在这里说“剩下的六个月”是the rest of the year或the remaining 6 months。
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