2013年12月英语六级语法训练之动词语态
2013-07-23 阅读 : 次
动词的语态
1. 概念与构成
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式用主动语态;当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be + 过去分词”构成，时态通过be 表现出来。如下所示：
一般现在时
谓语动词的被动式 am / is / are + done / v-ed
例句 You are required to do this.
一般过去时
谓语动词的被动式 was / were + done / v-ed
例句 The story was told by her.
一般将来时
谓语动词的被动式 will / shall be + done / v-ed
例句 The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
现在进行时
谓语动词的被动式 am / is / are + being + done / v-ed
例句 The road is being widened.
过去进行时
谓语动词的被动式 was / were + being + done / v-ed
例句 The new tool was being made.
现在完成时
谓语动词的被动式 has / have + been + done / v-ed
例句 The novel has been read.
过去完成时
谓语动词的被动式 had + been + done /v-ed
例句 He said that the work had been finished.
过去将来时
谓语动词的被动式 would / should + be done / v-ed
例句 He said that the trees would be planted soon.
2. 一些特殊的被动语态
1) 短语动词的被动结构：用于这类被动结构的短语动词要作为整体看待，即要把它们看作单个及物动词。例如：
The baby is looked after carefully.
2) 有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思：
① 具有及物意义的不及物动词的被动意义：在主语是物的句子中，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义。常用的这类动词有sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut等等。例如：
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
Your composition reads well. 你的作文读起来很不错。
This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔好用。
② 动名词主动形式表示被动意义：通常是物作want, need, require等动词的主语时，表示事物客观上需要……，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。例如：
The classroom wants / needs / requires cleaning. 教室需要打扫。
这种用法的动名词改用不定式一般式的被动形式后也可表示同样意义。例如：
The classroom wants to be cleaned.
1. 概念与构成
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式用主动语态;当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be + 过去分词”构成，时态通过be 表现出来。如下所示：
一般现在时
谓语动词的被动式 am / is / are + done / v-ed
例句 You are required to do this.
一般过去时
谓语动词的被动式 was / were + done / v-ed
例句 The story was told by her.
一般将来时
谓语动词的被动式 will / shall be + done / v-ed
例句 The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
现在进行时
谓语动词的被动式 am / is / are + being + done / v-ed
例句 The road is being widened.
过去进行时
谓语动词的被动式 was / were + being + done / v-ed
例句 The new tool was being made.
现在完成时
谓语动词的被动式 has / have + been + done / v-ed
例句 The novel has been read.
过去完成时
谓语动词的被动式 had + been + done /v-ed
例句 He said that the work had been finished.
过去将来时
谓语动词的被动式 would / should + be done / v-ed
例句 He said that the trees would be planted soon.
2. 一些特殊的被动语态
1) 短语动词的被动结构：用于这类被动结构的短语动词要作为整体看待，即要把它们看作单个及物动词。例如：
The baby is looked after carefully.
2) 有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思：
① 具有及物意义的不及物动词的被动意义：在主语是物的句子中，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义。常用的这类动词有sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut等等。例如：
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
Your composition reads well. 你的作文读起来很不错。
This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔好用。
② 动名词主动形式表示被动意义：通常是物作want, need, require等动词的主语时，表示事物客观上需要……，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。例如：
The classroom wants / needs / requires cleaning. 教室需要打扫。
这种用法的动名词改用不定式一般式的被动形式后也可表示同样意义。例如：
The classroom wants to be cleaned.
本文地址：http://www.cetclub.com/cet6beikaoziliao/cet6yufaziliao/2018-06-30/14613.html
