2018年6月六级语法知识：独立主格结构

　　英语六级基础语法知识：独立主格结构

　　独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。

　　独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。 例如:

　　Today being Sunday, the library isn/' t open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。 (原因)改为从句:

　　As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn/' t open. 例如:

　　There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了，我们只好坐出租车了。 Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.

　　The signal given，the bus started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。 (时间)改为从句:

　　After the signal was given, the bus started.

　　The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。

　　The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand. The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考试结束了，两个月之后进行期末考试.

　　The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.

　　Weather permitting, we/' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天气允许的话，我们就去参观长城。

　　If weather permits, we/' 11 visit the Great Wall.

　　The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。(伴随状语)

　　上文例句中sword in hand是由“名词+介词短语”构成，表示伴随的情况。这种表示伴随情的独立主格结构，有时可以用with

　　引出，二者的意思是一样的，with结构更加口语话，更加常用。

　　She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。

　　The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老师胳膊底下挟着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。

　　The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.

　　Tian/' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.华灯齐放，******广场显得美丽动人。

　　With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由这孩子领路，我们毫不费劲地找到他的家。

　　With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他给我们带头，我们对一定能搞好。

　　1、指出下列句子中的独立主格结构:

　　1) My work having been finished, I went home. ---My work having been finished

　　2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes. ---A faraway look in her eyes

　　3) My watch having been lost, I didn/' t know what time it was. ---My watch having been lost

　　4) He came into the room, his face red with cold. --- his face red with cold

　　5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.

　　--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others

　　6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.

　　--- His face hidden by an upturned…….

　　2、 用独立主格结构改正下列句子:

　　1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat. ---It being cold, …

　　2) Being no bus, we had to walk home. --- There being no bus, ...

　　3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south. --- It getting colder, ...

　　4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang. --- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..

　　5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer. ---…，its size (area) being about 43….

　　3、 用独立主格结构将括号内的汉语译成英语填空:

　　1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿着一个大苹果).

　　---- (with) a big apple in his hand.

　　2) _____(下课了)，the children ran out of the class room. ---The class being over

　　3) The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子冻得通红). ---her nose red with cold

　　4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (从福州来的火车) ---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.

　　5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父亲坐在旁边)

　　6) ____(谁也没有什么可说的), the meeting was closed. -----Nobody having any more to say.