2013年12月英语六级基础语法解析之句子成分（1）
2013-08-09 阅读 : 次
句子六大成分：主谓宾、定状表。
主语、宾语和表语：通常由代词或者名词构成，
定语：修饰名词； 状语：修饰形容词或者动词；
表语：接在系动词后面；
（一）.代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
1人称代词：第一、二、三人称，主格、宾格、所有格；
I,you ,he,she, it, me, you, him, her, it, my, your, his, her, its.
2 物主代词
①形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, our, their，后面加名词；
②名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs，后面不能加名词。
eg: May I borrow your pen?
Mine is missing.
3反身代词：通过反身代词指代主语，使动作发出者把动作在形式上反射到发出者本人。强调人称问题。
eg：I myself took Mary to the airport. I cooked it myself.
4. 指示代词：this, that, these, those
5. 不定代词：some，someone，something，any，anyone，anything，no，no one，nothing，all，both，neither，either，each，every，everybody，everyone，everything.
一些比较重要的不定代词之间的区别：
（1）all, each, every：
① all和every可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物；all可以表示所有东西的总和，是一个不可分割的整体； each只能表示两个或两个以上的人，侧重个体；
② all和every侧重整体，each侧重个体；
eg：Every staff of the university contributed to the fund.
Two girls came, and I gave an apple to each.
（2）everyone＆every one
everyone等同于everybody，all people ，指的是所有的人；
eg：Everyone thinks they have the right to be here.
every one既可以指人，也可以指物，强调一个个体，通常用every one of ；
eg：Every one of us has faults and shortcomings.
Every one of the films we have shown this year has been a success.
（3）no one＆none
no one 只能指人，none既可以指人，也可以指物，none后面还可以接of；
eg：No one failed the examination.
None of the students failed the examination.
6. it 的用法
（1）指代人，通常用于口语中；
（2）书面语：
① it 用来指代时间、距离、温度、天气等
eg：It's three years since I saw him.
② it 用来前指或者后指
eg：I've lost my book. Where is it？
There is no doubt about it that he was a fine teacher.
③ it 做形式主语
eg：Is it possible to learn typewriting very quickly？
④ it 做形式宾语，通常放在谓语动词和宾语补足语（形容词）之间，真正的宾语放在宾补之后
常见动词有：feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard
eg：She thinks it no use telling me.
He has made it clear that he wouldn't agree to the plan.
⑤ it 用于强调句，构成句型It's…that/who…
如何区分强调句中的it和形式主语中的it？
eg：It's clear that they have won.
如果It's和that去掉后，剩下的部分依然能构成完整的句子，就是强调句；否则，即为形式主语。
主语、宾语和表语：通常由代词或者名词构成，
定语：修饰名词； 状语：修饰形容词或者动词；
表语：接在系动词后面；
（一）.代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
1人称代词：第一、二、三人称，主格、宾格、所有格；
I,you ,he,she, it, me, you, him, her, it, my, your, his, her, its.
2 物主代词
①形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, our, their，后面加名词；
②名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs，后面不能加名词。
eg: May I borrow your pen?
Mine is missing.
3反身代词：通过反身代词指代主语，使动作发出者把动作在形式上反射到发出者本人。强调人称问题。
eg：I myself took Mary to the airport. I cooked it myself.
4. 指示代词：this, that, these, those
5. 不定代词：some，someone，something，any，anyone，anything，no，no one，nothing，all，both，neither，either，each，every，everybody，everyone，everything.
一些比较重要的不定代词之间的区别：
（1）all, each, every：
① all和every可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物；all可以表示所有东西的总和，是一个不可分割的整体； each只能表示两个或两个以上的人，侧重个体；
② all和every侧重整体，each侧重个体；
eg：Every staff of the university contributed to the fund.
Two girls came, and I gave an apple to each.
（2）everyone＆every one
everyone等同于everybody，all people ，指的是所有的人；
eg：Everyone thinks they have the right to be here.
every one既可以指人，也可以指物，强调一个个体，通常用every one of ；
eg：Every one of us has faults and shortcomings.
Every one of the films we have shown this year has been a success.
（3）no one＆none
no one 只能指人，none既可以指人，也可以指物，none后面还可以接of；
eg：No one failed the examination.
None of the students failed the examination.
6. it 的用法
（1）指代人，通常用于口语中；
（2）书面语：
① it 用来指代时间、距离、温度、天气等
eg：It's three years since I saw him.
② it 用来前指或者后指
eg：I've lost my book. Where is it？
There is no doubt about it that he was a fine teacher.
③ it 做形式主语
eg：Is it possible to learn typewriting very quickly？
④ it 做形式宾语，通常放在谓语动词和宾语补足语（形容词）之间，真正的宾语放在宾补之后
常见动词有：feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard
eg：She thinks it no use telling me.
He has made it clear that he wouldn't agree to the plan.
⑤ it 用于强调句，构成句型It's…that/who…
如何区分强调句中的it和形式主语中的it？
eg：It's clear that they have won.
如果It's和that去掉后，剩下的部分依然能构成完整的句子，就是强调句；否则，即为形式主语。
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