2013年12月英语六级基础语法解析之过去完成时
2013-08-09 阅读 : 次
一般过去式和过去完成时的对比：
（1）过去完成时：
过去的过去；
eg：Before I came to Beijing, I had stayed in Shanghai.
① 一个句子里有两个谓语动词，一个发生在前，一个发生在后，发生在前的用一般过去时，发生在后的用过去完成时；
eg：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
② 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，却未能…"
eg：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. We had thought that he would take part in the competition，but he didn't.
③ 虚拟语气：
若虚拟的现象与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时；
eg：If you had come to my birthday party, you would have seen Yaoming.
虚拟语气中可以用had+过去分词，表示对过去事实的虚拟；
3. 一般将来时
（1）shall/will, shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替;
eg：Which paragraph shall I read first？
（2）be going to +不定式，表示将来；表示要发生的事情有了预先的计划、准备或有迹象表明要发生；
eg：What are you going to do tomorrow?
What will you do this afternoon?
will表示纯粹的将来；
（3）be +不定式：表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事；
eg：We are to/will discuss the report next Saturday.
（4）be about to +不定式：意为马上做某事，后面不可以接时间状语；
eg：He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：
（1）一般现在时有时也可表将来；
eg：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
① 趋向性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
eg：When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
② 在时间或条件句中，用一般现在时表将来；
eg：I'll write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
（2）现在进行时也可表将来：通常用于口语，翻译为打算……；
come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等词可以用进行时表将来；
（1）过去完成时：
过去的过去；
eg：Before I came to Beijing, I had stayed in Shanghai.
① 一个句子里有两个谓语动词，一个发生在前，一个发生在后，发生在前的用一般过去时，发生在后的用过去完成时；
eg：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
② 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，却未能…"
eg：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. We had thought that he would take part in the competition，but he didn't.
③ 虚拟语气：
若虚拟的现象与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时；
eg：If you had come to my birthday party, you would have seen Yaoming.
虚拟语气中可以用had+过去分词，表示对过去事实的虚拟；
3. 一般将来时
（1）shall/will, shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替;
eg：Which paragraph shall I read first？
（2）be going to +不定式，表示将来；表示要发生的事情有了预先的计划、准备或有迹象表明要发生；
eg：What are you going to do tomorrow?
What will you do this afternoon?
will表示纯粹的将来；
（3）be +不定式：表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事；
eg：We are to/will discuss the report next Saturday.
（4）be about to +不定式：意为马上做某事，后面不可以接时间状语；
eg：He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：
（1）一般现在时有时也可表将来；
eg：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
① 趋向性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
eg：When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
② 在时间或条件句中，用一般现在时表将来；
eg：I'll write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
（2）现在进行时也可表将来：通常用于口语，翻译为打算……；
come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等词可以用进行时表将来；
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