2017年12月英语六级阅读练习题（92）

　　Dog training is a business for some people, a serious hobby for others, and a once-in-a-lifetime experience for many. Individuals in all of these categories would probably agree that consistency is a key element of success in this venture from the beginning. If puppies are to be socialized, they must learn to control the impulse to use the carpet as a bathroom, chew shoes, and nip at fingers. The first issue, bathroom training, is more easily accomplished in warm weather. Try to feed your pup outdoors, and after he has finished eating, take him to a spot where you would like him to eliminate. If he cooperates, praise him generously with words and pats. Take him to the same spot after each meal, and eventually he will follow this routine himself.

　　The sight of a small puppy prancing away with a large shoe is so endearing that it is tempting to fetch the camera rather than play the role of disciplinarian. If you can imagine your pup chewing through a new tennis shoe, however, you would do well to remove the stolen shoe from the pup‘s mouth and firmly say, “No!” Provide your pup with some acceptable toys, such as a ball or a chew toy. Don‘t tempt fate with an old shoe, though. Until your pup is well trained and trustworthy, don‘t leave him unattended unless he is confined to a small area. When he is young, you want to be sure someone will praise your pup for desired behavior and express disapproval when he does something you want to discourage. A puppy who is punished several hours after he has chewed the rug will not understand what he has done wrong. You will want your dog to learn to respond to the commands ―Come,‖ ―Sit,‖ and ―Stay.‖ Again, consistency and praise will help you achieve this goal. Each time the dog responds as you wish, praise him. Whenever he ignores your command, make him do what you commanded and then praise him. Negative behavior must be attended to also. You can discipline most dogs without hitting them. Since they are usually anxious to please, most dogs are duly chastised by harsh words and tone of voice. Remember to be consistent so your dog knows unquestioningly what acceptable behavior is. Although the initial stages of dog training require great deal of time and patience, the reward of a socialized and obedient dog is well worth the effort.

　　47. Dog training is appropriately attempted by .

　　48. One of the most important elements in a successful dog-training program is .

　　49. A puppy must learn to control the impulse to use the carpet as a bathroom, chew shoes, and nip at fingers so as to .

　　50. If you punish a puppy several hours later, what will he do?

　　51. Negative behavior is best handled by .