2009年12月英语六级考试重点词汇冲刺讲义

　　第一节：词汇的辐射作用
　　一。写作
　　The Digital Age
　　1. 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如……
　　2. 数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和生活产生的影响。
　　Nowadays, digital products are enjoying growing popularity among people. Take my own daily routine as an example. The first thing I do right after waking up is turn on my cell phone to see if there’s any new message. Then I turn on my computer to keep myself informed of the latest news. On my way to school, I listen to music on my iPod. At the end of the day, hardly have I got back to dormitory when I turn on my computer again to surf the internet。
　　Why are we so fond of those digital products which we didn’t possess one of two decades ago? The answer is simple―they are doing us good; they are making our lives comfortable and convenient. As I have mentioned, the internet provides us with latest news much faster than newspapers; likewise, cell phone provides us with a convenient means to talk to the person we want wherever we are. To draw a conclusion, comfort and convenience, the two key words characterizing the trend of new inventions of modern times, are the main reason for the wide-use of digital products。
　　二。听力
　　English is the leading international language. In different countries around the globe, English is acquired as the mother (36) ________, in others it’s used as a second language. Some nations use English as their (37) ________ language, performing the function of (38) ________; in others it’s used as an international language for business, (39) ________ and industry。
　　What factors and forces have led to the (40) ________ of English? Why is English now considered to be so prestigious that, across the globe, individuals and societies feel (41) ________ if they do not have (42) ________ in this language? How has English changed through 1,500 years? These are some of the questions that you (43) ________ when you study English。
　　You also examine the immense variability of English and (44) ________. You develop in-depth knowledge of the intricate structure of the language. Why do some non-native speakers of English claim that it’s a difficult language to learn, while (45) ________? At the University of Sussex, you are introduced to the nature and grammar of English in all aspects. This involves the study of sound structures, the formation of words, the sequencing words and the construction of meaning, as well as examination of the theories explaining the aspects of English usage. (46) ________, which are raised by studying how speakers and writers employ English for a wide variety of purposes。
　　36. tongue　　 37. official　　 38. administration　　39. commerce　　40. spread
　　41. disadvantaged　　42. competence　43. investigate
　　44. come to understand how it's used as a symbol of individual identity and social connection
　　45. infants born into English speaking communities acquire their language before they learn to use forks and knives
　　46. You are encouraged to develop your own individual responses to various practical and theoretical issues
　　三。阅读
　　There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends。
　　A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”―or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned―decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma。
　　There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely。
　　No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product―like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider。
　　As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends。
　　四。完形
　　Some historians say that the most important contribution of Dwight Eisenhower’s presidency (总统任期) in the 1950s was the U.S. interstate highway system. It was a __62__ project, easily surpassing the scale of such previous human __63__ as the Panama Canal. Eisenhower’s interstate highways __64__ the nation together in new ways and __65__ major economic growth by making commerce less __66__. Today, an information superhighway has been built―an electronic network that __67__ libraries, corporations, government agencies and __68__. This electronic superhighway is called the Internet, __69__ it is the backbone (主干) of the World Wide Web。
　　The Internet had its __70__ in a 1969 U.S. Defense Department computer network called ARPAnet, which __71__ Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The Pentagon built the network for military contractors and universities doing military research to __72__ information. In 1983 the National Science Foundation (NSF)， __73__ mission is to promote science, took over。
　　This new NSF network __74__ more and more institutional users, may of __75__ had their own internal networks. For example, most universities that __76__ the NSF network had intracampus computer networks. The NSF network __77__ became a connector for thousands of other networks. __78__ a backbone system that interconnects networks, internet was a name that fit。
　　So we can see that the Internet is the wired infrastructure (基础设施) on which web __79__ move. It began as a military communication system, which expanded into a government-funded __80__ research network。
　　Today, the Internet is a user-financed system tying institutions of many sorts together __81__ an “information superhighway。”
　　62. A.concise B.radical C.massive D.trivial
　　63. A.behaviors B.endeavors C.inventions D.elements
　　64. A.packed B.stuck C.suppressed D.bound
　　65. A.facilitated B.modified C.mobilized D.terminated
　　66. A.competitive B.comparative C.exclusive D.expensive
　　67. A.merges B.connects C.relays D.unifies
　　68. A.figures B.personalities C.individuals D.humans
　　69. A.and B.yet C.or D.while
　　70. A.samples B.sources C.origins D.precedents
　　71. A.stood by B.stood for C.stood against D.stood over
　　72. A.exchange B.bypass C.switch D.interact
　　73. A.their B.that C.when D.whose
　　74. A.expanded B.contracted C.attracted D.extended
　　75. A.what B.which C.these D.them
　　76. A.joined B.attached C.participated D.involved
　　77. A.moreover B.however C.likewise D.then
　　78. A.With B.By C.In D.As
　　79. A.contexts B.signs C.messages D.leaflets
　　80. A.citizen B.civilian C.amateur D.resident
　　81. A.into B.amid C.over D.toward
　　五。翻译
　　82. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk ________ (说服他不买车)。
　　83. ________ (保持幽默有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society。
　　84. When confronted with the evidence, ________ (他不得不坦白自己的罪行)。
　　85. When people say, “I can feel my ears burning,” it means they think ________ (一定有人在说他们坏话)。
　　86. She has decided to go on a diet, but finds ________ (很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑)。
　　参考答案：
　　82. him out of buying a car
　　83. Keeping a sense of humor helps
　　84. he had no choice but to confess his crime
　　85. someone must be speaking ill of them/ there must be someone who is speaking ill of them
　　86. it hard to resist the temptation of ice cream
　　第二节：词汇微观突破
　　一。单词记忆规律
　　及时复习：一小时内;睡前;醒后;随时随地。
　　二。英语单词构词法
　　Example
　　internationalize, internationalization
　　↑
　　Internationale
　　↑
　　internationalist, internationalism←international→internationality, internationally
　　↑
　　nation-wide←nation→nation-hood, nation-state
　　↓
　　nationally, nationality←national→nationalize, nationalization, nationalism
　　↓
　　nationalist, nationalistic, nationalistically
　　1. Prefixes
　　1) dis- (not, the opposite of) disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous, disappoint, disable, disability, discharge, disclose, discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy, disease, disgrace, disguise, disgust, dishonor, dishonest, dismay, disorder, dispatch, disperse, displace, displacement, displease, disregard, dissatisfy, distort , distract, disintegrate, disparage, dispassion, disproportionate
　　2) in- (not, in, into) inability, incorrect, incapable, indirect, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous , infinite, inhabit , inhabitant, inherent , inject, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, inquire, inquiry, insane, insensitive, insert, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, involve, inward, incomplete, indecisive, inedible, inept, inevitably, infection, infirm, injection, innate, insecurity, insider, insidious, insatiable
　　3) im- (not, in, into) impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse
　　4) il- (not) illegal, illiterate, illogical
　　5) ir- (not) irregular, irresponsible, irrespective
　　6) un- (not) unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress , uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual, unaware, unenlightened, unparalleled, unsustainable
　　7) non- (not) nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense, nonfundamentalist, nonspecialist
　　8) mis- (wrong, wrongly) misjudge, misunderstand, mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse, misguided, misinformation
　　9) de- (showing the opposite, to remove, to reduce) deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, devalue, decode, decrease, degenerate , degrade , descend, descendant , descent
　　10) pre- (before, in advance) prefix, pre-historic, precaution, precede , preceding, preclude , predecessor , predict, predominant , preface, prejudice, preliminary, premature , premier , premise , premium , preparation, prepare, prepay, preside , president, presumably, presume , pretext , prevail, prevent, previous, prewar, prediction, pre-scientific, presumptively, preconception
　　11) ante-, (before, in advance) anteroom, ante-Christian, antemeridian, anticipate, antique
　　12) fore- (in advance, before, in or at the front) forearm, forehead, foreman, foretell , foresee , forefather , foreleg, forerunner , fore , foremost, forecast, forewarn
　　13) ex- (out, out of, former) ex-minister, ex-president, ex-Soviet Union, ex-wife, export, exclude, exclusive, excursion, exhibit, exile , exit, exotic , expand, expansion, expedition , expel , expend , expenditure , expense, explode, explosion, explosive, expose, exposition , exposure, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, exterior, external, extinct, extra, extract
　　14) post- (later than, after) postgraduate, postwar, postmeridian, postpone, postscript
　　15) sub- (under, below, less important) sub, subject, subway, subtitle, subdivide, submarine , sub-zero, submerge, submit, subordinate , subscribe , subsection, subsequent, subsidiary , subsidy , substance, substantial, substitute, subtract, suburb, subconsciously, subtly
　　16) infra- (below in a range, beyond) infrastructure , infrared
　　17) re- (again, back to a former state) react, reaction, recall, recede , receipt, recipient , reclaim , recognize, recognition, record, recorder, recover, recovery, recreation, recur , recycle , redundant , reflect, reflection, reflexion, reform, refrain , refresh, refreshment , refund , refute , reinforce, reject, remember, remind, removal, remove, renaissance , renew, repay , repeat, repeatedly, repel , repetition, replace, replacement, reply, report, reporter, represent, representative, repression , reproduce, respect, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, restore, resume, return, reunion , reuse, review, revise, revive, revolt, revolution, revolutionary, revolve, reward
　　18) co-, col-, com-, con-, cor- (with together) co-existence, cooperate, cooperative , co-author, coalition , coherent , coincide , coincidence , collaboration , colleague, collide , collision, collocation, compassion, compassionate, concentric, confederation, conjoin, coordinate, correlate, correlation, correspond
　　19) inter- (between, among) international, interchange, interchangeable, interdependent, interpersonal, interview, interact , interaction, intercourse , interface , interfere, interference, Internet, interrupt, interval, intervene
　　20) macro- (large) macroeconomics , macrocosm , macrostructure
　　21) micro- (extremely small) microcomputer, microeconomics , microscope, microphone, microsurgery, microelectronics, microbiologist
　　22) super- (greater or more than) super, supermarket, supersonic , superman, superpower, supernatural, supervise , superb, superficial, superintendent , superior, superiority , supreme, supersystem
　　23) sur- (more than, beyond) surplus, surtax, surface, surpass , surround, survival, survive, suspect
　　24) ultra- (beyond, very, too) ultramodern, ultrasound, ultra-violet
　　25) auto- (of or by oneself) auto, autocriticism, autoland, automobile, automation , automatic, autobiography , autonomous , autonomy
　　26) mal- (bad, badly) malfunction, maltreat , malnutrition , malpractice
　　27) tele- (at or over a long distance, by or for television) telegram, television, telegraph, telephone, telecommunications , telescope, telescreen, teleswitch, televise
　　28) semi-, hemi- (half) semicircle, semiconductor, semi-colony , semifinal, hemisphere
　　29) uni-, mono- (one) uniform, unify , union, unique, unit, unite, unity, universe, universal, university, monologue , monoplane, monopoly , monotone, monotonous , carbon monoxide
　　30) bi-, di- (two) biweekly, bicycle, bilateral , billion, bilingual, dialogue, carbon dioxide
　　31) tri- (three) tricycle , triangle, triangular, trilogy , triple, trigonometry
　　32) quadri-, quadru- (four) quadruple, quadrangle
　　33) penta- (five) pentagon, Pentagon, Pentium
　　34) hexa- (six) hexagon, hexangular
　　35) sept- (seven) September, Sept-Wolves
　　36) octa- (eight) octagon, octave, octopus, October
　　37) nona- (nine) nonagon, November
　　38) deci-, deca- (ten) decade, decimal
　　39) centi- (hundredth part) centigrade, centimeter, centipede , century
　　40) kilo- (thousand) kilo, kilometer, kilogram(me)， kilowatt
　　41) mill- (thousand) millennium , millimeter
　　42) multi- (many) multipurpose, multinational, multiple, multiply, multitude
　　43) counter-, anti-, contra- (opposite, against) counteract, counterattack, counterclockwise, counterrevolutionary, antibiotic, antigravity, antimatter, antiwar, antinuclear, contradict, contradiction, contramissile, contranatural, contrary, contrast, anticonsumerism, anti-intellectualism
　　44) mini- (smallest, short) minibus, miniskirt, minimum, minister, minimize, ministry, minor, minority, minute
　　45) max- (greatest) maximum, maximal , maximize
　　46) out- (outside, beyond) outdo, outwit, outlive, outnumber, outdoor, outstanding, outskirts , outward, outcome, outer, outing , outline, outlook, output, outrage , outside
　　47) over- (too much, above, additional) overwork, overuse, overtake, overpass , overthrow , overturn , overall, overdue , overhead, overhear , overlook, overseas, overtime
　　48) trans- (across, on or to the other side of) transaction , transatlantic, transcend , transfer, transform, transistor , transit , transition , translate, translation, transmission, transmit, transmitter, transparent, transplant, transport, transportation
　　49) under- (too little, below) underdevelop, underdevelopment, underestimate, undergraduate, underground, underlie , underline, undersea, underlying , undermine , underneath, underwear
　　50) neo- (new) neo-Nazism, neolithic
　　51) be- (cause to be or have) befriend, belittle
　　52) bio- (life) biology, biography , autobiography, antibiotic, biochemistry, biosphere, biomedical
　　53) en- em- (cause to become, put into the stated condition) embody, empower, endanger, enlarge, enrich, encompass, enthrone, entrench
　　54) extra- (outside, beyond) extracurricular, extraordinary
　　55) mid- (middle) midday, midnight
　　56) poly- (many) polycentric, polydirectional, polysyllabic
　　57) pseudo- (not real, false) pseudomemory, pseudonym, pseudoscience
　　58) thermo- (heat) thermochemistry, thermometer
　　59) vice- (next in rank below) vice-chairman, vice-president
　　60) aero- (air) aerial , aeroplane, aeronautics, aerospace
　　61) cross- (across, going between the stated things and joining them) cross-country, crossbreed
　　62) intra- (inside, within; into) intracity, intra-department, intranet
　　18) gram, graph (to draw, to write) diagram, telegram, program, photograph, geography, telegraph
　　19) insul (island) insulate, insulator , insular, peninsula
　　20) ject (to throw) project, inject, reject, subject, eject
　　21) liber (free) liberate, liberty (at liberty)， liberal, liberalism
　　22) liter (letter) literate , literacy, illiterate, illiteracy, literature, literary, literal , literally
　　23) log (to speak) dialogue, apology, prologue, monologue, logic
　　24) manu (hand) manuscript , manufacture, manufacturer, manual, manage, management, manager
　　25) medi (middle) immediate, medium, media, mediate, medieval, median
　　26) mort (death) mortal, immortal, mortality
　　27) nov (new) novel, novelty, novice, innovate
　　28) ori (to rise) orient, oriental, Oriental, orientation, origin, original, originate, disorient
　　29) pend (to hang, money) depend, dependent, dependency, dependable, independent, suspend, expend, spend, expenditure, expense, expensive, pension
　　30) port (to carry) portable, import, export, deport, porter, support
　　31) pur (pure) purify , purity , Puritan
　　32) rect (correct, straight) correct, rectify , erect
　　33) rupt (to break) interrupt, disrupt, bankrupt, bankruptcy, corrupt
　　34) sal (salt) salary, salad
　　35) sist (to stand) resist, resistance, resistible, consist, assist, exist, insist, persist
　　36) spect (to look) spectacle, spectacular, prospect, retrospect, inspect, respect, suspect, circumspect , spectator , conspicuous , perspective
　　37) spir (breath) inspire, inspiration, spirit
　　38) tract (to draw) tractor, attract, protract, contract, abstract, extract, distract
　　39) urb (city) urban, suburb, suburban
　　40) vac (empty) vacant, vacation, vacuum
　　41) vit (life) vital, vitality, vitamin, vitalize
　　42) viv (to live) survive, survival, survivor, revival, vivid, vivacity
　　4. Compounds
　　breakfast, brunch, businessman, dragonfly, headmaster, headquarters, history, mankind, masterpiece, person, sit-in, downsize, backbone, lifestyle, lockout, newsletter, scapegoat, signpost, smallpox, spymaster, stakeholder, standstill, stockpile, trustworthy