2011年12月大学英语四级答案真题

　　2011年12月英语四级答案

　　Part I Writing

　　Directions: You're allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of time."You'd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

　　Outlines:

　　1. 坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。

　　2.意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命

　　3. 学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才

　　“Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will” is accumulated experience we inherited from our forefathers. It stands to reason that persistence is vital to success; nevertheless, one’s end can never be accomplished with the lacking firmness of will.

　　A case in point is the quitting of smoking. On the eve of the World No-Tobacco Day this year, the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health advocated that campus smoking-control intervention should be the forerunner of the nationwide smoking-control efforts, which, undoubtedly, has motivated the campaign of “Smoking-free School” that has been sweeping the whole of China. In the advance of the movement, the humorous saying has acquired a proverbial currency, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing world. I’ve done it hundreds of time.” Obviously, wanting in perseverance, these smokers will never fulfill their purposes.

　　From what have been discussed above, we can reasonably come to the conclusion that only those tough-minded people can reach the summit. Otherwise, even if you have tried hundreds of times, you are still at the foot of the mountain, admiring those successful climbers.

　　Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

　　Why Integrity Matters

　　What is Integrity?

　　"Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty." The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.

　　What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.

　　Risky Business

　　We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.

　　Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense.

　　"But Everybody Does It"

　　Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions.

　　To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

　　Evaluating Risks

　　To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.

　　Getting Away With It--Or Not

　　Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.

　　Cheating Hurts Others, Too

　　Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.

　　Why Integrity Matters

　　If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.

　　In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.

　　1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______。

　　A) sticks to them in their daily life

　　B) makes them known to others

　　C) understands their true values

　　D)sees that others also follow them

　　2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?

　　A) It helps to create team spirit

　　B) It facilitates communication

　　C) It is the basis of mutual trust

　　D) It inspires mutual respect

　　3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?

　　A. To ensure we make responsible choices。

　　B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress。

　　C. so that we don’t break any rules。

　　D. so that we don’t run into trouble。

　　4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?

　　A. it has caused no harm。

　　B. it is claimed to be unintentional。

　　C. it has gone unnoticed。

　　D. it is committed with good intentions。

　　5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?

　　A. Avoid making excuses。

　　B. Listen to other people’s advice。

　　C. Make his intensions public。

　　D. Have others watch over his shoulder。

　　6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______。

　　A. will often become more cautious

　　B. are usually very aggressive

　　C. value immediate benefits most。

　　D. may lose everything in the end

　　7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______。

　　A) pay more dearly

　　B) become more confident

　　C) be widely admired

　　D) feel somewhat lucky

　　8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to stealing a grade

　　9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith。

　　10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal。

　　1-7 ACABACA

　　8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to stealing a grade

　　9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith。

　　10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal。

　　听力

　　11-15 BABAA 16-18BDB

　　19-22 BBCB 23-25 BCB

　　26-28 CBA 29-32 BBBD 33-35 ABD

#P#

Part III Listening Comprehension

　　短对话答案

　　Section A

　　11.

　　W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?

　　M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask?

　　Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

　　【答案】B) Go and ask the staff.

　　【解析】这是道较为简单的建议题。从对话中可知，女士搞不清楚列车时刻表，男士建议她去售票窗口咨询。ticket window售票窗口。

　　12.

　　W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it?

　　W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　【答案】A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.

　　【解析】这是道判断推理题，考查男士的言下之意以及虚拟语气。could have done意为本可以做某事，但未做。从对话中可知，男士确实回家看了电视节目，但是他说道：I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing. 我真希望自己当时能再晚点睡着，这样我就可以看完整场节目了。说明他没有看完整场节目就睡着了。

　　13.

　　W: Airport, please. I’m running a little late. So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.

　　M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.

　　Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

　　【答案】B) She is worried about missing her flight.

　　【解析】这是道场景题，略有难度。刚开始，我们还无法很快判断出该对话发生的场景，很多同学一听到airport可能会误以为对话发生在机场，但如果我们继续听下去，就会发现，该对话应该发生在出租车上，因为女士说了句“请选择最快的路”，而男士说“因为有球赛，所以到处都交通拥堵”可以帮助我们再次确认对话发生的场景。选项A不对，原文是说要挑the fastest way哪怕不是the most direct way;选项C也不准确，才刚上车，并没有拥堵，司机只是提前说明因为球赛会碰到拥堵;选项D错误，女士是为了赶去乘飞机的，而不是去看球赛。

　　14.

　　W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.

　　M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish. I’m allergic to it.

　　Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?

　　【答案】A) In a restaurant

　　【解析】这是道场景题，较为简单。从对话中可知，女士希望向男士推荐一道菜，从首句中即可推断出该对话最有可能发生在餐馆中，男士说，他过敏，不吃贝壳类海鲜，可以帮助我们再次确认对话发生的场景。

　　15.

　　W: Now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?

　　M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.

　　Q: What do we learn about the man?

　　【答案】A) He is being interviewed for a job.

　　【解析】这是道较为简单的细节推理题。 从position, company这几个关键词中，我们就可以快速判断出此题的场景为面试，因此男士应该正在接受一场面试。 C选项错误，他想要销售经理的职位，但并不表示他本身就是销售经理。

　　16.

　　M: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.

　　W: I know what you mean. But check out the cost if renting an apartment first. I won’t be surprised if you change your mind.

　　Q: What does the woman imply?

　　【答案】B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.

　　【解析】这是道判断推理题，询问女士的言下之意。最后一句，女士表示“你改变主意的话，我不会觉得奇怪”，可知，男士不太可能搬出宿舍。A选项是个干扰项，虽然该选项看上去意思和B选项差不多，但对话中并没有提到男士想找一个更安静的地方，他想搬离寝室，是为了更多的个人空间。

　　17.

　　M: You’re on the right track. I just think you need to narrow the topic down.

　　W: Yeah, you’re right. I always start by choosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper.

　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

　　【答案】D) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.

　　【解析】这是道判断推理题。从对话中可知，男士希望女士缩小主题的范围，女士回答“你是对的。”说明女士会采纳男士的建议，缩小主题。

　　18.

　　W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesn’t it?

　　M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside. Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.

　　Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?

　　【答案】

　　【解析】这是道判断推理题。

 #P#

　　Conversation Two

　　听力原文

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　W: What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job?

　　M: That’s a very good question. I don’t think there is any, specifically.

　　W: For example, in your case, what was your educational background?

　　M: Well, I did a degree in French at Nottingham. After that, I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people here is in the university. Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side. Then progressed on to universities. So there wasn’t any plan and there was no specific training. There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now.

　　W: But in the first place, you did a French degree.

　　M: In my time, there wasn’t a degree you could do for administration. I think most of the administrators I’ve come across have degrees and all sorts of things.

　　W: Well, I know in my case, I did an English literature degree and I didn’t really expect to end up doing what I am doing now.

　　M: Quite.

　　W: But you are local to Nottingham, actually? Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University?

　　M: No, no, I come from the north of England, from west Yorkshire. Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list. And I like the look of it. The campus is just beautiful.

　　W: Yes, indeed. Let’s see. Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire?

　　M: Yes, from the Woolen District.

　　23.

　　A)Management.

　　B)French

　　C)English literature

　　D)Public Administration

　　24. A)English teaching.

　　B)Staff training.

　　C)Careers guidance.

　　D)Psychological counseling

　　25. A)Its pleasant environment.

　　B)Its worldwide fame.

　　C)Its generous scholarship.

　　D)Its well-designed courses.

　　23. What was the man’s major at university?

　　答案：B)French.

　　解析：细节题。在第二轮对话中，女士问，“what was your educational background?”你是什么教育背景，男士回答说：“I did a degree in French at Nottingham.” 我在诺丁汉大学攻读了法语学位，所以男士的专业是French。

　　24. What was the man’s job in secondary schools?

　　答案：C)careers guidance.

　　解析：细节题。在说完“I did a degree in French at Nottingham.”之后，男士又接着说“After that, I did careers guidance in secondary schools.”因此，此题的答案应为：careers guidance。

　　25. What attracted the man to Nottingham University?

　　答案：B)Its pleasant environment.

　　解析：细节题。女士问：“Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University?”你去诺丁汉大学是出于什么原因?男士在回答中说到，诺丁汉是我心中理想大学之一。紧接着他就说道：“And I like the look of it.”还进一步补充说明道：“ The campus is just beautiful. ”因此，男士是因被其优雅环境所吸引而选择去诺丁汉大学。所以，本题的答案为：Its pleasant environment.

　　这篇长对话围绕男士的教育背景和职业发展展开。按顺序分别谈到男士从诺丁汉大学法语专业，毕业之后去了中学和政府工作，然后又进入了大学管理层。这期间，他并没有刻意做过任何的职业发展计划，也没有接受过专门的相关职业培训，主要是因为在他的读书时代，并没有可攻读的管理学学位。对话最后谈到了男士去诺丁汉大学读书的原因是被其校园的优美风景所吸引。

　　这篇对话有一定难度。特别是关于男士职业的说法，考生未必熟悉。但考生不必紧张，因为主要的细节考查中，专业是法语、因为环境优雅所以选择诺丁汉大学这两题都不难听出。

　　Section B

　　Passage One(听力短文第一大题)

　　26. A. The art of Japanese brush painting

　　27. A. To enhance concentration

　　28. C. How listeners in different cultures show respect

　　Passage Two(听力短文第二大题)

　　29. A. Buying and maintaining equipment.

　　30. A. Two of his employees committed theft.

　　31. D. Advancement to a higher promotion

　　32. D. She is competing with Chris for that new job.

　　47 growth

　　48 stable

　　49 challenges

　　50 certainly

　　51 role

　　52 combined

　　53 significant

　　54 included

　　55 comprise

　　56 solutions

#P#

　　Part IV　Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

　　第一篇

　　解析：

　　57-61CACAB 62-66 CDADC

　　57、选择 encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

　　题目问男生学校可以怎样，原文前三段基本都在叙述男校对男生艺术情操方面的发展有着更好的促进作用。

　　58、选择 perform relatively better

　　本题较难，题干问通常大家都认为在男女同校的学校中男生都怎样。

　　原文四段末句中received wisdom表示常识或者被多数人所接受的观点，于是后面的部分是本题的出题点。

　　59、选择 it fails to give boys the attention they need

　　原文红字处说这些体制都更关心女生，取反之后意为这些体制都没那么关心男生，于是与此选项对应。

　　60、选择 teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

　　原文红字说在男校里，老师可以"根据男生的学习风格量身定制(tailor)课程"

　　61、选择 they conform to stereotype

　　文章最后两段都是在总结人们对男生的一般印象以及男校如何避免一些问题的出现，James的实验提及许多男生都正遵循着老套的路线发展，即本选项的同义改写;其余选项均是例举中的具体内容，包含于此答案。

　　Passage Two

　　62. C . It makes all the hard work worthwhile。

　　63. D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship。

　　64. A. conflicts between couples tend to rise

　　65. D. men and women view money in different ways。

　　66. C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship。

　　Part V　Cloze

　　67-71 BDABA 72-76 BCDDB 77-81 DBADD 82-86ABABC

　　67. B reveals

　　68. D staff

　　69. A while

　　70. B shortages

　　71. A surveyed

　　72. B private

　　73. C concerned

　　74. D recruit

　　75. D As

　　76. B for

　　77. D intensify

　　78. B technical

　　79. A priority

　　80. D subjects

　　81. D if

　　82. A rate

　　83. B particular

　　84. A highlighted

　　85. B workforce

　　86. C where

　　Part VI Translation

　　87.raise money for the survivors of the earthquake

　　88.couldn’t have received my e-mail

　　89.who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart

　　90.consider the popularity of the novel

　　91. define the happiness only by money