2005年12月英语四级阅读B卷试题

　　Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you..
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they stress that you can manage also boost immune(免疫的) function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory(血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.
Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.
“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity ,”It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”
21. The passage is mainly about______
A) how to avoid stressful
B) how to cope with stress effectively
C) the benefits of manageable tress
D) the effect of stress harmonies on memory

　　22. The word “shun”(Line 1,Para.1) most probably means________.
A) cut down on
B) stay away from
C) run out of
D) put up with

　　23.We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that_______
A) people who can’t get their job done experience more stress
B) doing challenging work may be good for one’s health
C) stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs
D) people under stress tend to have a poor memory

　　24.In the experiment described in Paragraph 3,the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because______.
A) the outcome was beyond their control
B) they knew little about surgical procedures
C) they felt no pressure while watching the video
D) the video was not enjoyable at all

　　25.Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that______.
A) a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body
B) a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress.
C) stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain
D) short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function

　　Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker. Frito-Lay. Thinks otherwise.” Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.
Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America. owned by PepsiCo. And accounts for over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow. the company has to look overseas.
Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. ”Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative(创新的)world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.
With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(标识).The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips. would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.
The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We’re making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.
 

　　26.It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marking that_____.
A) People the world over enjoy eating their company’s potato chips
B) The light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips
C) Their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales.
D) Potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market

　　27.What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?
A) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.
B) It needs to turn to the word market for development.
C) Its products use to be popular among overseas consumers.
D) Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker.

　　28.One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that_____.
A) products identified as American will have promising market value
B) products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profits
C) local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands
D) consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands

　　29.Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?
A) To suit changing tastes of young consumers.
B) To compete with other American chip producers.
C) To change the company’s long-held marketing image.
D) To promote the company's strategy of globalization.

　　30.Frito-Lay's executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market_____.
A) will be in the interest of the local people
B) will lead to economic imperialism
C) won’t spoil the taste of their chips
D) won't affect the eating habits of the local people