2011英语四级语法题考点经典总结（4）

2011年6月英语四级语法题考点经典总结

      3. 情态动词的应对策略

　　情态动词的使用主要根据其所表达的含义。解题时注意以下几点：

　　1)情态动词自身结构要正确

　　结构包括情态动词自身的搭配和其后的连带成分。除ought外情态动词后接原形动词，测试中常将不同结构的动词置于一起设干扰项，如①。四个选项都与请求有关，但would you mind后接动名词，一般说would you like to而不是will you like to，will you please后用原形动词，答案是would you please?

　　2)注意情态动词推测性用法中各个情态动词使用的句型是否与题干句型一致。

　　在情态动词的推测性用法中，must, can, may, might, could各用于不同的句型，应注意分辨。具体使用规律为：

　　must只用于肯定句中。

　　can/could不能用语肯定句中。

　　may/might不能用语疑问句中。

　　另外还应注意can't表示"不可能"，may not表示"可能不"。

　　考试时，如果有原因说明自己的猜测，一般应该must, can't用而不是may, may not。如：

　　He can't have stolen the money; he is not such kind of person.

　　Some pleasant thing must have happened to him. He is so excited.

　　3) 注意推测性用法中谓语动词发生的时间。

　　如果推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。

　　There must have been no one in, for nobody answered the phone.

　　如果推测的是正在进行的事情，情态动词后则用动词的进行形式。

　　They must be talking about something very secret.

　　如果推测的是现在的状态等，情态动词后则用原形动词

　　He must be badly ill. He looks so pale.

　　如果推测的是将来发生的事情，情态动词后同样用原形动词，这时，情态动词只能是may/might。

　　There may be a terrible storm in the following few days.

　　4) 注意"情态动词+动词的完成形式"所表达的意思与题干意思是否相符。

　　其它"情态动词+ 动词的完成形式"并不表示推测，而分别表示：

　　could have done本来能够

　　He didn't take part in the competition, he _______ though.

　　A. won B. didn't win C. could win D. could have won

　　needn't have done 本来没不要

　　You ________. There was plenty of time.

　　A. needn't hurry B. can't hurry

　　C. mustn't have hurried D. needn't have hurried

　　should/ought to have done 本来应该

　　You _______ me earlier. I could have helped you.

　　A. should tell me B. should have told

　　C. need to tell D. needn't have told

　　shouldn't/oughtn't to have done 本来不应该

　　You ____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.

　　A. shouldn't follow B. mustn't follow (2000.6)

　　C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't have been following

　　might have done 本来应该(用来表示一种责备)

　　You ______ even though you were busy at that time.

　　A. might help him B. must have helped him

　　C. might have helped him D. should help him

　　这类题在设计干扰项时，一般都会有情态动词推测性用法的涉及，同学们应注意分词上下文的逻辑和语意关系。

　　5) 注意常用情态动词的基本句法和表意功能

　　其它常用动词的用法，如shall表示"命令"、"威胁"、"许诺"或征求许可，may/might as well等，同学们都应多多注意其用法。

　　四、 倒装

　　倒装结构也是比较常见的一种句式，但考查的分量不大，考试都有哪些特点，如何应对，首先让我们一起来看一下近几年的考题。

　　1.Test Yourself.

　　1) I could not persuade him to accept it, ___ make him see the

　　importance of it.(19995.1)

　　A. if only I could not B. no more than I could

　　C. or I could not D. nor could I

　　2) Not until the game had begun ______at the sports ground.(2000.6)

　　A. had he arrived B. would he have arrived

　　C. did he arrive C. should he have arrived

　　3) The organization had broken no rules, but _____ had it acted

　　responsibly.(19996.1)

　　A. neither B. so C. either D. both

　　4) We have been told that under no circumstances ______ the telephone

　　in the office for personal affairs.(1999.6)

　　A. may we use B. we may use C. we could use D. did we use

　　5) Only under special circumstances _____to take make-up tests.(1997.6)

　　A. are freshmen permitted B. freshmen are permitted

　　C. permitted are freshmen D. are permitted freshmen

　　参考答案：

　　1) D 2) C 3) A 4) B 5) A