2017年12月英语四级语法详解：状语从句

　　新东方网英语四级频道为大家整理了英语四级中常见的语法结构，一起来看看吧!

　　从句子结构上来说，句子有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句有一个主语或多个主语和一个谓语;一个主语和多个谓语。并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句。复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个(或更多)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句。

　　一、状语从句：

　　状语从句 Adverbial Clause，从句用作状语称为状语从句。根据用途，状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的等状语从句。

　　I. 时间状语从句

　　时间状语从句表示时间，常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等。

　　例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be　 careful.

　　2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.

　　3) Wait until you are called.

　　4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.

　　5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven.

　　You can use my house as long as you are careful.

　　He is so terrible once he is drunk1.

　　I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.

　　II. 地点状语从句

　　地点状语从句表示地点，常用的关联词有where, wherever, anywhere等。

　　例如：1) Put it where you found it.

　　2) Sit down wherever you like.

　　3) Anywhere she goes, he goes too.

　　III. 原因状语从句

　　原因状语从句表示原因或理由，常用的关联词有because, as, since, in case等。

　　1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.

　　2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.

　　3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.

　　I'll take my raincoat in case it rains. (in case it rains = because it may rain)我将带上雨衣，以防下雨。

　　IV. 条件状语从句

　　条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件，引导从句所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等。

　　1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.

　　You'll be late, unless you hurry.

　　3) Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose从句必须放在主句之前) 我们如果迟到了，他会说什么?

　　4) In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.

　　5) In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。

　　6) He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩，他什么都愿意做。

　　V. 方式状语从句

　　方式状语从句表示动作的方式，回答How的问题，常用关联词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导，一般置于主语之后。

　　Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我说的去做。我就是照你说的去做的。

　　He acts as if/as though he is the owner. 他行为举止好象是这儿的主人似的。

　　They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他们以我从没见过的方式行事。

　　I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to. 我从未被允许用自己想用的方式唱歌。

　　VI. 让步状语从句

　　让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念，使句子具有对比的因素。常用的关联词有although, though, even if, even though, not that(=although…not)等，置于主语之前或后。

　　1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease2.

　　2) Though he has lived for years in London, he writes in French.

　　3) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.

　　4) Even though fruits are good, you can't live with fruits only.

　　5) I'm OK now, not that I slept (although I did not sleep) very well last night.

　　VII. 结果状语从句

　　结果状语从句表示结果， 常由连词so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引导，置于主语之后。

　　She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.

　　The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.

　　He is such a wonderful joker that you can't help laughing.

　　They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.

　　We arrived early, so that we got good seats.

　　The weather was such that I couldn't go out.

　　VIII. 目的状语从句

　　目的状语从句表示目的，回答what for或 for what purpose的问题，常用关联词so that, in order that等引导，一般置于主语之后。目的状语从句中的谓语动词常由“情态动词+动词原形”构成。

　　Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.

　　They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.

　　We carved their names on the stone in order that people should always remember them.

　　They risk their lives so that/in order that they may support their kids.

　　A.will finish B.shall finish C.finish D.finished

　　选C.在时间、条件状语从句中，主句可能是祈使句、一般将来时或带情态动词，从句用一般现在时。如 果主句是过去将来时，从句可以用一般过去时。能够引导时间状语从句、条件状语从句的从属连接词，常见的 有：when,until(directly,unless,as long as,suppose等。如：

　　(1)Unless he comes,we won't be able to go.

　　(2)Suppose it goes on raining,what shall we do?

　　(3)Lu Xun often said,"As long as I am alive,I shall go on studying."

　　2.No sooner_____the news than they rushed out into the street.

　　A.they heard B.they had heard C.did they hear D.had they heard

　　选D.no sooner…than,hardly… when,scarcely… before表示"—…就"，主句一般用过去完成时(h ad+V-ed)，从句用一般过去时，如果hardly,no sooner, scarcely放句首，主谓倒装。

　　3.Although he is considered a great writer,____(MET'91)

　　A.his works3 are not widely read B.but his works are not widelyread

　　C.however his works are not widely read D.still his works arenot widely read

　　选A.这是一个让步状语从句，主句与从句之间有一个从属连词although(though)，不能再加but,howeve r,still等，但可以和yet连用。

　　4.No matter how hard he worked,____(84年)

　　A.he could not do any better B.and he could not do any better

　　C.so he could do any bettes D.but he could not do any better

　　选A.由no matter引导的让步状语从句，其主句也不能再用but,and,so等并列连接词。

　　5.____he might,he failed,A.Try as B.As try C.Tried as D.As tried

　　选A.为了强调让步的意义，表示出非常强烈的对照，用as或though引导的让步状语从句，从句的语序要 作部分调整，即把句子受强调的表语、状语或动词原形置于从句的句首。如果表语是单数可数名词，移置句首 时，名词前不用冠词。如：

　　(1)Much as I like it,I will not buy it.

　　(2)Child as she is,she knows a lot of English.

　　6.Did the two boys look so much alike____no one could tell them apart?

　　A.and B.that C.as D.so that

　　选B.目的状语从句的表达："主+谓+that(so that,in order that)+主+may(might,can,could,sho uldn't等)+谓"。

　　7.____Mr Smith is well again,he can travel.

　　A.Now that B.But that C.And that D.Since that

　　选A.now that相当于since。表示原因状语从句的连接词常见的有because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等。

　　8.It was____a hundred people looked lost in it.

　　A.so large a room that　B.so large a room

　　C.such large a room that　D.a such large room

　　选A.引导结果状语从句：so+adj(adv)+that从句so+adj+a(an)+n+that从句such+a(an)+adj+n+that从句，表示"这样……(一个)……以至于……"。

　　9.The harder he worked,____he felt.

　　A.happier B.the happier C.the happy D.the happiest

　　选B.the+比较级+主+谓，the+比较级+主+谓，意思是"越…… 越……"。

编辑：张婵)

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