英语四六级精确阅读转折逻辑关系题型在真题中的运用
2014-06-12 阅读 : 次
"所谓得阅读者得天下"，这句形容虽然有些浮夸，却说明了一个不争的事实--首先，在各类英语考试中，阅读理解分值大，牢牢占据着核心地位；其次，多数同学从英语学习的起步阶段就开始接触阅读这种考题，对于这类题型最为熟悉，从中拿分的把握最高。虽然，在去年八月中旬发生了震惊两千三百多万考生的改革，但是丝毫没有撼动阅读理解在这个全国关注度最高，覆盖面最广的英语考试中的核心地位。首先，从分值上看，阅读理解占据了35%的比重，细分到三大题型分别为：词汇运用5%，长篇阅读10%，精确阅读20%。其次，从得分的角度分析，对于绝大部分考生来说，搞定一道阅读要比做对一道听力容易的多。尤其是单位分值最高的精确阅读（该部分共两篇文章，10道题，平均每道题占2%的分值），若我们准备充分一些，处理恰当一些的话，必然会成为考生战胜四六级的基石。接下来，我们通过分析一些真题，来看一看转折逻辑关系在真题中的运用。
分析一：先来看一道四级真题（2008年6月passage one）
60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol,____.
A. politicians have started to do something to better the situation
B. few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
C. reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
D. international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
根据题干的内容，我们把位置卡在文章的第四段：
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel)that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doing something". Consider the Kyoto Protoco(京都议定书).It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
文中关于京都议定书的内容提到：It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.这是四六级阅读中常考的细节题，要求考生根据题目，对文章的细节信息做出正确的理解，那么，明确重点内容就成为解决这类题型的关键所在！这里出现了明显转折词but，说明有关京都议定书的重点内容应该位于but之后，而but之后的信息告诉我们，京都议定书的签订并未降低二氧化碳的排放量，且多数签字国并未实施有力的政策去实现他们2008年到2012的环保目标。对比选项，我们不难发现B项：few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use正确描述了转折之后的内容，为该题目的正确答案。
再看一道六级真题（2009年6月passage two），就会发现规律总是惊人的相似：
57. What's the opinion of economists about going to college?
A. Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.
B. It doesn't pay to run into debt to receive a college education.
C. College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.
D. Going to college doesn't necessarily bring the expected returns.
根据题干，我们定位到文章第一段：There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.文中再次出现转折词but，虽然前文指出，没有什么活动能够比输入大学学费计算器并得出一个六位数的总和更使人感到清醒，但是在but之后，经济学者指出大学会产生很大的收益。因此，在对比选项中我们不难发现C项：College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs正确对应了原文转折之后的信息，为该题目的正确答案。
结论一：转折之后为重点强调内容，经常给出细节题的答案！
分析二：来看一道四级真题（2008年12月passage two）
63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying " … the shopper must also find a replacement" (Line 2, Para. 4)?
A. New customers are bound to replace old ones.
B. It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.
C. Most stores provide the same kind of service.
D. Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.
根据题干中给出的位置，我们回到文中第四段："Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers," said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group." the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement."这是四六级阅读中常考的语义题，要求考生结合上下文的理解，来推理引号内容的言外之意，因此，擅于把握句与句之间的逻辑关系就显得格外重要！从文中看出，but前的内容告诉我们，"商店失去了顾客"，流失顾客对于商店而言造成了一定的伤害，我们都知道所谓"转折前后，含义相反"，那么but后这句话字面含义是"顾客也必须找到替代品"，通过转折前后，含义相反的方式理解，不难得出其内涵是站在顾客这个角度来分析顾客的麻烦，由此我们可得出正确答案为D项：Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too。
再来看一道六级真题（2009年6月passage one），就会发现这一思路完全同理可证
53. What does the author mean by "Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness" (Line 1, Para. 2)?
A．Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.
B．Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.
C．The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.
D．The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.
我们根据题目给出的位置回到原文：For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water's edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you'd think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.
But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from "threatened" to "endangered"-meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.看到如此画面，多数同学顿时泪奔，心想莫非要把如此多的文字全部啃下来才能做对这道题吗？实则不然！我们只需要重点关注一个叫but的小伙伴，因为这个可爱的小家伙可以明确指出上下文逻辑和含义的向反性！but前告诉我们人类在以各种各样的方式保护海龟，以免海龟走向绝种，而but后这句话字面意思是"大自然对于人类的公平概念是冷漠的"，我们通过转折前后，含义相反的思路来理解，不难得出其内涵为：人类虽付出了很多努力，但努力并未奏效，海龟还是在走向绝种，因此复合我们判断的选项只有D项：The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection。
结论二：转折前后，逻辑表意相反，巧用转折，可正确推理语义题的言外之意！
综上所述，转折逻辑是我们在精确阅读中砍分的利器！因此，当文章中出现：but，however，while，yet，instead（of），still，on the contrary等表示转折逻辑的单词或短语时，请大家打起十二分精神，因为答案正在向你走来！
两周冲刺计划
一、充分利用真题
1.回顾总结已做完所有真题中的错题，并分析出错的根本原因；
2.以两天一套题的节奏高质量完成13年的6套真题，把高昂的状态保持到考前；
3.扫荡真题中所有的生词。
二、其它方面的准备
1.合理饮食，规律作息，切勿通宵熬夜进行突击式复习（no zuo no die）；
2.考试必备品汇总：准考证，学生证，身份证，2B铅笔（至少两根，不要削太细），橡皮，胶带纸，黑色中性笔或钢笔两支，调频耳机两个，手表，以及一颗必胜的决心。
大学英语四六级考试 CET46
分析一：先来看一道四级真题（2008年6月passage one）
60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol,____.
A. politicians have started to do something to better the situation
B. few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
C. reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
D. international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
根据题干的内容，我们把位置卡在文章的第四段：
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel)that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doing something". Consider the Kyoto Protoco(京都议定书).It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
文中关于京都议定书的内容提到：It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.这是四六级阅读中常考的细节题，要求考生根据题目，对文章的细节信息做出正确的理解，那么，明确重点内容就成为解决这类题型的关键所在！这里出现了明显转折词but，说明有关京都议定书的重点内容应该位于but之后，而but之后的信息告诉我们，京都议定书的签订并未降低二氧化碳的排放量，且多数签字国并未实施有力的政策去实现他们2008年到2012的环保目标。对比选项，我们不难发现B项：few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use正确描述了转折之后的内容，为该题目的正确答案。
再看一道六级真题（2009年6月passage two），就会发现规律总是惊人的相似：
57. What's the opinion of economists about going to college?
A. Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.
B. It doesn't pay to run into debt to receive a college education.
C. College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.
D. Going to college doesn't necessarily bring the expected returns.
根据题干，我们定位到文章第一段：There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.文中再次出现转折词but，虽然前文指出，没有什么活动能够比输入大学学费计算器并得出一个六位数的总和更使人感到清醒，但是在but之后，经济学者指出大学会产生很大的收益。因此，在对比选项中我们不难发现C项：College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs正确对应了原文转折之后的信息，为该题目的正确答案。
结论一：转折之后为重点强调内容，经常给出细节题的答案！
分析二：来看一道四级真题（2008年12月passage two）
63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying " … the shopper must also find a replacement" (Line 2, Para. 4)?
A. New customers are bound to replace old ones.
B. It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.
C. Most stores provide the same kind of service.
D. Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.
根据题干中给出的位置，我们回到文中第四段："Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers," said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group." the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement."这是四六级阅读中常考的语义题，要求考生结合上下文的理解，来推理引号内容的言外之意，因此，擅于把握句与句之间的逻辑关系就显得格外重要！从文中看出，but前的内容告诉我们，"商店失去了顾客"，流失顾客对于商店而言造成了一定的伤害，我们都知道所谓"转折前后，含义相反"，那么but后这句话字面含义是"顾客也必须找到替代品"，通过转折前后，含义相反的方式理解，不难得出其内涵是站在顾客这个角度来分析顾客的麻烦，由此我们可得出正确答案为D项：Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too。
再来看一道六级真题（2009年6月passage one），就会发现这一思路完全同理可证
53. What does the author mean by "Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness" (Line 1, Para. 2)?
A．Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.
B．Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.
C．The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.
D．The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.
我们根据题目给出的位置回到原文：For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water's edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you'd think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.
But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from "threatened" to "endangered"-meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.看到如此画面，多数同学顿时泪奔，心想莫非要把如此多的文字全部啃下来才能做对这道题吗？实则不然！我们只需要重点关注一个叫but的小伙伴，因为这个可爱的小家伙可以明确指出上下文逻辑和含义的向反性！but前告诉我们人类在以各种各样的方式保护海龟，以免海龟走向绝种，而but后这句话字面意思是"大自然对于人类的公平概念是冷漠的"，我们通过转折前后，含义相反的思路来理解，不难得出其内涵为：人类虽付出了很多努力，但努力并未奏效，海龟还是在走向绝种，因此复合我们判断的选项只有D项：The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection。
结论二：转折前后，逻辑表意相反，巧用转折，可正确推理语义题的言外之意！
综上所述，转折逻辑是我们在精确阅读中砍分的利器！因此，当文章中出现：but，however，while，yet，instead（of），still，on the contrary等表示转折逻辑的单词或短语时，请大家打起十二分精神，因为答案正在向你走来！
两周冲刺计划
一、充分利用真题
1.回顾总结已做完所有真题中的错题，并分析出错的根本原因；
2.以两天一套题的节奏高质量完成13年的6套真题，把高昂的状态保持到考前；
3.扫荡真题中所有的生词。
二、其它方面的准备
1.合理饮食，规律作息，切勿通宵熬夜进行突击式复习（no zuo no die）；
2.考试必备品汇总：准考证，学生证，身份证，2B铅笔（至少两根，不要削太细），橡皮，胶带纸，黑色中性笔或钢笔两支，调频耳机两个，手表，以及一颗必胜的决心。
大学英语四六级考试 CET46
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