大学英语四级阅读常见考点出处

　　常见阅读考点出处之一逻辑关系：转折
　　四六级大纲在阅读理解部分都指出：测试学生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力。因此，为了有针对性的考查大家对书面信息的获取能力，经过对历年真题的归纳总结发现，四六级考点出处有一定特征。其中第一大特征就是在逻辑关系处出考题。
　　小编先带大家看看大家最熟悉的考点出处：转折处出考点。常见转折关联词有：but, however, yet, nevertheless, while(然而), on the contrary等等。
　　真题再现
　　大家先试试身手，不会的话，记得找出真题再做一遍哟!
　　例1：A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.(2010.6, cet4 )
　　51. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?
　　A. The poorly managed state of her house.
　　B. The high financial costs adding up.
　　C. Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.
　　D. Her daughter's repeated complaints.
　　【答案】D
　　【解析】本段主要描述了Carla Toebe因上网严重影响到生活，最后一句后半句通过转折指出，是她4个女儿的不停抱怨才让她最终意识到自己有了问题(had a problem)，而这一问题正是题干中提到的“spending too much time on the Internet”。
　　例2：I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon (勤杂工) plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.
　　54. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?
　　A. She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professional.
　　B. She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.
　　C. She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.
　　D. She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.
　　【答案】D
　　【解析】作者19岁时在饭店当招待员，对于不被顾客尊重，她的看法是“deserved inferior treatment”，即“低人一等是理所当然的”。换句话说，作者觉得有专业技能的人看低她是十分自然的事，即D选项所述。
　　常见阅读考点出处之二 —— 逻辑关系：并列、因果
　　除了最熟悉的转折以外，逻辑关系还包含：并列、举例、因果、递进等等。而紧排在转折之后，相对在历年真题中较多出现的考查处，分别是：并列和因果。
　　常见表并列的词语：and, while(同时), meanwhile, also;
　　值得注意的是：两个句子之间用分号(;)隔开，也表并列。
　　常见表因果的词语：because, why, the reason, for, so, since, as a result等。
　　同样值得注意的是：当why引导一个问句时，考点出处往往是紧接着回答此问题的句子或相邻的几个罗列点或相连几段话的首句。
　　并列和因果都比较难以察觉，需要同学平时练习过程中就有意识地对这两种逻辑关系进行关注。
　　真题再现
　　大家先试试身手，不会的话，记得找出真题，再做一遍哟!
　　例1：(并列)They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.(2011.6, cet 4)
　　53. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?
　　A. Its food lacked variety.
　　B. Its people cared more for quantity.
　　C. It was short of well-trained chefs.
　　D. It didn't have flavourful food ingredients.
　　【答案】B
　　【解析】本段后半部分提到，这种只重数量不重质量的习惯持续了几十年，这意味着一代英国人是被无法和邻近的法国、意大利、比利时和西班牙相媲美的食物养 大的。由此可知，英国食物无法跟邻国竞争是因为英国人只重数量不重质量。B选项是对原文中“prioritisation of quantity over quality”的同意转述。
　　例2：(因果)American tourists, however, shouldn’t expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up- slowly, and then all at once. And currencies don’t turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.
　　55. What is the author’s advice to Americans?
　　A. They treat the dollar with a little respect
　　B. They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble
　　C. They vacation at home rather than abroad
　　D. They treasure their marriages all the more.
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】面对美元贬值给美国人带来的民族自尊上的困扰，作者给美国人提出建议：如果想要避免困扰，最好取消去英国的旅行，转而前往新英格兰(美国的一个地区)旅行。换句话说，作者建议取消去国外的旅行，转而在国内旅行。

      常见阅读考点出处之三 — 特殊标记
　　细心的同学会在以前的四六级大纲中发现，快速阅读部分写到：“要求考生运用略读和查读的技能从篇章中获取信息。“考核学生利用各种提示，快速查找特定信息的能力。这些提示包括文中的以下信息：
　　1. 数字
　　2. 大写单词
　　3. 段首或句首词等
　　很显然，这一条不仅适用于快速阅读，也适用于仔细阅读。
　　真题再现
　　例1：In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen(监督) “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.” (2009.12, cet4)
　　65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____.
　　A. she was known to be good at raising money
　　B. she could help strengthen its ties with Yale
　　C. she knew how to attract students overseas
　　D. she had boosted Yale’s academic status
　　【答案】A
　　【解析】文中提到，剑桥大学于2003年任命Alison Richard为副校长，而句中publicly stressed(公开强调)之后的内容即为任命她的原因，便是：在以前的岗位上她的监管使得“耶鲁的财政地位得到显著加强”。所以，推理可知，答案为A。
　　例2：Richard Got professor of astrophysics at Princeton, hopes man will set up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, which would be a “life insurance policy against whatever catastrophes, natural or otherwise, might occur on Earth. (2008.6, cet6)
　　66. According to Princeton professor Richard Gott, by setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, Humans_____.
　　A. might survive all catastrophes on earth
　　B. might acquire ample natural resources
　　C. will be able to travel to Mars freely
　　D. will move there to live a better life
　　【答案】A
　　【解析】题干中setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars可在原文中直接找到，原文中which引导的定语从句表示的内容就是setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars所带来的影响：人类能够应对地球上各种各样的灾难从而幸存下来。A选项中的survive all catastrophes on earth 是对原文的同义转述。
　　常见阅读考点出处之四 — 标点符号
　　下面讲解阅读考点常考出处的最后一个特征：总有部分题目出自引人注目的 —— 标点符号处。在四六级阅读过程中，引人注目的标点符号，不得不关注的标点符号主要有两类：1. 引号;2. 小括号。
　　1. 引号
　　1)尤其是当引号表示着重强调时
　　如：
　　They are using fewer of the very deferential “women’s” forms, and even using the few strong forms that are know as “men’s” .
　　2)某人说的话，能够集中表达一个事实或观点时
　　如：
　　"If it's a loss [where] you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much." said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor.
　　2. 小括号
　　小括号()中间加一个汉语注释，非常容易引起大家的注意。此处就不赘述。我们还是通过真题举例来看具体考察情况吧。
　　真题再现
　　例1(引号)：Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line: "I have an Internet Addiction."(2010, 6, cet4)
　　8. In one of the messages she posted on a website, Toebe admitted that she ______.
　　【答案】had an Internet Addiction
　　【解析】首先分析结构可知，本空所填内 容是充当that宾语从句的谓语，主句的admitted表明谓语应用过去时。原文提到Toebe在雅虎的一个上网成瘾群里发了一条消息，引号中的内容为 这条小的的主题：“我有网瘾”。由此可知，Toebe承认自己“上网成瘾”。故答案根据时态要求进行修改为：had an Internet Addiction.
　　例2：(小括号)The use of deferential (敬重的) language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she “treads softly (谨言慎行)in the world,” elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.
　　57. The first paragraph describes in detail ________.
　　A. the standards set for contemporary Japanese women
　　B. the Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan
　　C. the stereotyped role of women in Japanese families
　　D. the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow
　　【答案】D
　　【解析】考点出处是第一段的总述话语，它介绍了日本女性在说话时使用敬语是女性完美标准的象征，其后面几句是对这种保守性别规范下女性美德的详细描述，所以正确答案为D。