英语四级考试巅峰阅读训练(24)

　　文教：学校教育387词

　　建议作题时间：8.5分钟。

　　Cheating is nothing new. But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent and are less likely to be punished than in the past. Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.

　　Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loosening to the fact that today’s youth are far more pragmatic than their more idealistic predecessors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies, students were filled with visions about changing the world, today’s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,” said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. There’s an underlying fear. If you don’t do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only from parents and friends but from yourself. To achieve. To succeed. It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals.

　　Edward Wynne, editor of a magazine blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. “I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated,” Mr. huber said. He feels that as long as teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can synthesize information, students will try to beat the system. “The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individual who’s doing it,” he said, “That’s too easy an answer. We’ve got to start looking at the system.”

　　1. Educators are finding that students who cheat ______________.

　　A. are more likely to be punished than before.

　　B. have poor academic records

　　C. can be academically weak or strong

　　D. use the information in later years.

　　2. Today’s youth are described as more pragmatic than their predecessors because _________.

　　A. they think more of themselves.

　　B. they don’t have a global vision.

　　C. the era of ideal has passed.

　　D. they cheat more than their predecessors.

　　3. According to the passage, youth cheat because of ___________.

　　A. the eagerness to succeed

　　B. the easiness to cheat

　　C. their fear of competition

　　D. no possibility to be punished

　　4. What does “the system” (para 3) refer to?

　　A. The education system.

　　B. The school system.

　　C. The system by which schools punish cheating.

　　D. The system by which students are evaluated.

　　5. Which of the following would Dwight Huber probably agree with?

　　A. The educational system is sound, and students must follow every rule.

　　B. Parents alone must take responsibility for the rise in student cheating.

　　C. There should be some change in the examination and rating system.

　　D. Students who cheat should be expelled from school.

　　◆◆难句突破◆◆

　　请翻译下面两句!

　　But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent and are less likely to be punished than in the past.

　　He feels that as long as teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can synthesize information, students will try to beat the system.

　　◆◆答案◆◆

　　CAADC

#P#

　　◆◆解题思路◆◆

　　1. 文章第一段最后一句提到,学生不论成绩优劣,似乎都认可作弊行为,因此选C, “成绩优或劣的学生”符合原文意思.

　　2. 第二段第四句是题干的出处.第5句话是对前面一句的说明,早先的学生立志于为世界服务，而现如今的学生希望的是自己获得成功.所以答案是A。B是对原文的误解。CD都是结果不是原因。

　　3 文中提到了多种学生方面的作弊原因。只有A的表达与原文相符，可以回答题干的问题。B是文中提到的内容，但不是原因。学生们恐惧的是失败，不是竞争，不选C。作弊受惩罚可能性小了不是没有，所以不选D。

　　4 语义理解题。原文说HUBER将作弊现象增多的原因归咎于评估学生的方式，后面引用他的话来说明他的观点，学生们如果觉得考题和评分标准不合理，他们就会设法击败该制度。考题和评分标准正是学生评估体系的内容。

　　5 第三段中将作弊现象增加的原因归咎于评估学生的方式，最后说应该对这个体系加以审视。可以推测C正确。根据原文考试和评分体系正是评估体系的组成部分。

　　◆◆翻译题答案与分析◆◆

　　1.但如今，教育者和管理者们发现与过去相比，学生身上发生的学业作弊时间更加频繁了，而其受到惩罚的可能性去变小了。

　　分析：复合句。主句的宾语是that引导的从句。从句中有两个并列的谓语动词。

　　2. 他认为在考试中只要老师出的是简答题而非问答题，是根据学生记住事实的数量给分而不是考察他们综合信息的能力，学生们就会设法击败该制度。

　　分析：多重复合句。句子主干是he feels…,that引导后面的宾语从句。从句中，as long as引导一个条件状语从句，这个条件状语从句有两个并列谓语。每一个谓语成分中都有一个rather than的比较结构。第2个谓语成分中还含有一个定语从句和宾语从句。

　　◆◆全文翻译◆◆

　　作弊现象不算是新话题。但如今，教育者和管理者们发现与过去相比，学生身上发生的学业作弊时间更加频繁了，而其受到惩罚的可能性去变小了。似乎不论成绩优劣，学生们都认可了作弊的行为。

　　为什么学生作弊现象会增多呢?没有人知道确切原因。有些人将之归咎于现代青年人道德价值观普遍松弛。另一些人则将之归咎于这样一个事实：现在的学生比过去的学生更为实际。在60年代末70年代初，学生们立志于改变世界，现如今的学生则承受着融入社会并获得成功的巨大压力。在对国内高中生以及大学生进行的采访中，我们发现，不论是男生还是女生都认为作弊变得越来越容易了。有些学生说他们作弊是出于对自己不喜欢的老师的敌意。而有些学生则认为作弊很好玩。有些人认为只有被逮到的时候才会感到羞愧。来自芝加哥的大2学生安娜表示，人与人之间的竞争太强烈了。学生们有一种潜在的恐惧感。如果你考试中无法取得好成绩，你的前途就毁了。压力不仅来自父母和朋友，同时也来自于自己。我们渴望实现目标，获得成功。似乎我们必须超过其他人才能实现我们自己的目标。

　　某杂志