2011年12月四级考试阅读长难句精讲精练（三）
11. In rec ent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析 主干：some health specialists have begun to apply...
主句部分,不定式 to apply...用作 begun 的宾语。apply... to...表示”把一应用一”
句中表示 “把 well 和 wellness 这样的词只用来指那些人”。 who 引导的定语从句修饰those。
译文 然而近些年来一些健康专家开始把”健康”和”健康状况良好”这样的字眼只使 用到那些积极努力去保持并改善自身健康状况的人身上。
12. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析 主干：the concept can have a (beneficial impact)
句首 by 引导的介词短语表示”方法手段”。 have a (beneficial) impact on...”对一有有益的影响”。 in which 引导定语从句修饰 the ways。
译文 通过关注健康的生活方式”健康”的理念就能对人们面对日常生活的挑战的方法 产生有利的影响。
13. In it (the communications diary) they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析 主干：they noted the number..., and confessed to how...
主句用了两个并列的谓语动词：noted 和 confessed。 or 连接两个名词 conversations 和 email exchanges 构成并列结构 后面有定语从句 they had 和现在分词短语 lasting more than 10 minutes 修饰。
译文 在交流日记中 他们把长达 10 分钟以上的谈话或者电子邮件交流的次数记录下来并 且承认了他们说谎的次数。
14. Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. (06.1 Passage 1)
分析 主干：Its strategy rests (on...)
主句用了 rest on 短语。 冒号后的 first... and second... 用以解释说明冒号前的two beliefs 可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分。 with which 引导定语从句修饰 economies of scale（规模经济）。 句末的 be drawn to 表示”为一所吸引”as a concept 介词短语作global 的后置定语”作为概念的全球化”或”全球化概念”。
译文 公司的策略基两个信念：首先全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争 的规模经济，其次21 世纪的消费者认可”全球”这个概念。
15. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析 主干：Another method... is to say...; this suggests that...
本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句。 前一分句中by which 引导定语从 句修饰主语 another method不定式 to say 作表语引号里的直接引语作 say 的宾语。 后一分句中that 引导的从句作 suggests 的宾语。
译文 另外一种表面上看似乎是在道歉而实际上并没有道歉的做法是说”你感到委屈 我很抱歉”这表明如果因为别人所做的事情而让你自己感到委屈的话那么你 多多少少是有过错的。
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