2011年12月英语四级作文备考经典句型

　　1. "as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。
　　The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
　　2."many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many
　　as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well…as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。
　　One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
　　3. "so…that, such…that"是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。
　　The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.
　　4. "by doing…"结构。这个结构的意思是"通过(做)……"，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。
　　5. "something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of"
　　"something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of"，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"."much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无".something like译为"有点像，略似。"
　　They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
　　6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲".
　　Those pigs of girls eat so much.
　　7. as…as…can(may)be
　　It is as plain as plain can be.
　　8. "It is in(with)…as in(with)"
　　It is in life as in a journey.
　　9. "when"引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为"当……的时候"，它还有许多种译法。
　　Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.
　　10. "not…because…"，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。
　　In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.
　　11."to make…of"的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)
　　I will make a scientist of my son.
　　12. oo…+不定式"，not(never)too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式
　　She is too angry to speak.
　　13. only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so 和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready(apt) +to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。
　　You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
　　14. "no more …than…"句型
　　A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
　　15. "not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构，"not so much…as"="not so much as …"，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为："与其说是……毋须说是……".而"not so much as"="without(not)even，"可译为"甚至……还没有".
　　The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
　　16. "Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构，"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思，"Nothing I"可换用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为"没有……比……更为"，"像……再没有了"，"最……"等。
　　Nothing is more precious than time.
　　17. "cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者，即"无论怎样……也不算过分"."not"可换用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可换用"enough"，"sufficient"等。
　　You cannot be too careful.
　　18. "否定+but "结构，在否定词后面的"but"，具有"which not"，"who not"，"that not"，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等。
　　Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
　　19. "否定+until (till)"结构，在否定词"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后边所接用的 "until/ till"，多数情况下译为"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定译为肯定。
　　Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
　　20. "not so…but"和"not such a …but"结构，这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。
　　He is not so sick but he can come to school.
　　21. "疑问词+should…but"结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为"none…but"，可译为"除了……还有谁会……"，"岂料"，"想不到……竟是……"等。
　　Who should write it but himself?
　　22. "who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有时也可直译。
　　Who knows but (that) he may go?
　　23. "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示"if…not…，you.