2013年大学英语四级写作题型及范文：议论文

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　　议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法、主张的一种文体。写议论文要把握三性和三要素。三性指准确性、鲜明性和生动性。三要素指论点、论据和论证。
　　论点的基本要求：观点正确，概括全面，见解新颖，有实际意义，要恰当地综合运用各种表达方式。
　　论据的基本要求，真实可靠、充分典型。
　　论证的基本要求：推理必须合乎逻辑，论证要讲究顺序，论证要符合正确的推理形式。
　　简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：
　　1、 观点鲜明的开头;
　　2、 紧扣主题的结尾;
　　3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。
　　这三点当中，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语文章的要求。但在长时间的学习过程中，这样的要求被很多学生以为是“老土”而得不到足够的重视。如果将这种思想带到英语议论文写作当中，直接的后果就是中心分散、观点不明确，加上中国学生普遍英文表达能力不强，这些因素就为整篇文章的失败埋下了隐患。
　　另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，在英文应试写作中更加如此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英语议论文中是不能接受的。
　　(二) 中心统一
　　在中心统一这个问题上，英语议论文和汉语议论文的概念也有所不同。中国人在写议论文时常常遵循“中庸”的原则，其具体的表现就是认为世界上没有任何事情是绝对的。当他们在文章中表扬一件事物或一种现象的时候，总要指出其不足;同样，在批评一件事物或一种现象的同时，也总不忘记指出其也有合理之处。这种做法从道理上来讲并没有什么不妥，但却不符合英语议论文的写作习惯，因为英语作家在写议论文时关注的是自己的辩论技巧和其结果对公众的影响力。换句话说，如果作者告诉大家两面都有道理也就等于说两面都没有道理，因为读者在读了文章之后仍旧不知道作者的看法是什么，以及自己在这种情况下到底该怎么做。
　　所以，既然四级考试考的是英语文章，大家就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支持;表示反对就彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。
　　(三) 段落的连贯性文章引用自：
　　在确定好一条条的扩展句后，怎样把这些句子流畅而连贯地组合在一起呢?
　　这便是关联词发挥作用的时候了。在英语中，句与句之间、段与段之间一般都有连词或关联词连接，通过这些词读者能够很清楚地明白文章前后的逻辑联系。
　　适当使用关联词是四级写作必备的技能，大家应该要引起特别重视。
　　常用的关联词分为四类：
　　1、列举类
　　列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。
　　列举类关联词有：
　　first(ly), second(ly),... finally; for one thing, for another; on the one hand, on the other hand; moreover; furthermore; what's more; in addition; besides; first of all; in the first place, in the second place; (at)last; then; next; the last but not the least
　　2、举例类
　　举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有：
　　for example; for instance; such as; like; take...for example; a case in point; namely; in other words; that is; especially; in particular
　　3、比较和对比
　　比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处;对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有：
　　but; however; yet; otherwise; while; in contrast; by contrast; on the contrary; similarly; likewise; like; conversely; rather than; instead; on the other hand; equally; nevertheless; nonetheless; unlike; still; in the same way; compared with...
　　4、因果类
　　as a result; since; because(of); thanks to; due to; owing to; for this reason; hence; thus; therefore; on this/that account; on account of; consequently
　　5、总结类
　　总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有：
　　in this case; according to; in a word; in brief; in short; to sum up.
　　范文1：
　　“Do’ Lucky Numbers’ Really Bring Good Luck?”
　　Some people think that certain numbers will bring good luck to them. Numbers such as six, eight, sixteen and eighteen are regarded as lucky numbers. There are also people who think that their success is related to certain numbers.
　　However, some other people think numbers have nothing to do with their luck. They believe in their own rather than” lucky numbers”. They don't do things according to certain numbers.
　　As far as I am concerned, I think it is a person's own business whether he believes in a certain number or not. The most important thing is that he has done the work by himself and has done it quite well. As to the belief in numbers, it is his personal choice.
　　范文2：
　　Career or Family: which is more important?
　　When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently. Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s life.
　　It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life. In the very first place, career can give us an aim to live on. Without career, much of our living time will be certainly wasted. What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on. Most of the people earn their income from a job. On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit. Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in life. In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family. Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.
　　In my opinion, career and family are not in opposition to each other. Rather, they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better. Therefore, it’s not a choice between right and wrong, but one between ideal and practical.