英语四六级考试听力四题型分析

　　四级听力题目构成与比例

　　小对话：8% 选择题 共8道对话，每题长约1分钟

　　长对话：7% 选择题 共2段对话，每段长约3分钟

　　听力短文：10% 选择题 共3篇文章，每篇长约3分钟

　　复合式听写：10% 听写填空 填8个单词和三句话，放音三遍，共计8分钟

　　听力位于考试的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。

　　第一部分：小对话

　　做题方式：视听反向原则、同义替换原则，第二句话易为考点。

　　例题：

　　2009年12月四级考试第9题

　　A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. B) She is known to have a terrific figure.

　　C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.

　　Woman: I’ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.

　　Man: You look terrific! It seems that your effort has paid off.

　　Question: What does the man imply about the woman?

　　解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为C(她的健身房联系获得了好的结果)。yielded good results和原文中的your effort has paid off产生了替换作用。其中，类似gym和terrific、efforts等这样明显的词汇是特别需要慎选的，因为这些词汇都在原文中被明显播读过。另外本题目中还包括很多有用的说法：例如terrific figure (魔鬼身材)paid off(发生效果)，以及重复考过的out of shape (身材走样) 等等。

　　例题：

　　请关注2009年6月几道小对话题目的原文形式和设问方式：

　　W: There were more than a hundred people at Kate's birthday party. How come she's got so many friends?

　　M: It's really no surprise. You know she was popular even when she was a child.

　　Q: What does the man imply about Kate?

　　M: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night。

　　W: You'll never be able to get parts for it, even from Japan. So it might be time to invest a more recent model。

　　Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

　　W: I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled。

　　M: Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load has doubled。

　　Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

　　以上三道小对话，都把问题的设计方向安排在第二句的位置上。所以，考生在解题时需要将自己的听力重点放在第二句上。

　　第二部分：长对话

　　做题方式：视听基本一致原则，场景解题原则

　　视听基本一致的含义是指，听到的原文和看到的选项若基本一致，则选项容易为正确选择。这一点和短对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。另外，考生还应注意长对话第一回合句，转折关系以及语调变化等。

　　例题：

　　2009年12月四级考试第1篇长对话(部分节选)：

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes C) He has to work during the day.

　　B) He has signed up for a day course. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.

　　20. A) Learn a computer language. C) Buy some computer software.

　　B) Learn data processing. D) Buy a few coursebooks.

　　答案：C B

　　听力原文(部分节选)：

　　Woman: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?

　　Man: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fourth semester.

　　W: Do you want a day or evening course?

　　M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day(19题答案点在此处直接被读出).

　　W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?

　　M: No.

　　W: Oh. Well, data processing is a course you have to take(20题答案点在此处被读到) before you can take computer programming….

　　19. Why does the man choose to take an evening course?

　　20. What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?

　　特别需要指出的是，本题发生的主题场景就在大学――Parkson College，学生向老师咨询课程(courses)的内容。这时，做完题目的考生得问问自己：选修课必修课，大课小课，讲座展示，学分学时这类词汇和短语我们都会说么?(具体内容请特别关注本期七大听力高频词汇)

　　第三部分：短文听力

　　短文听力一般篇幅比较长，而且问题又出现在整个材料读完之后，所以对很多考生来说，如果完全听完材料，再听问题最后选择的话，就很容易忘记刚刚在材料中所听到的内容，尤其是当考察一些细节题目的时侯。针对这一情况，我们提供如下四种方法，在听材料的同时选出答案来。分别是：首尾法、视听一致原则、替换法、短词题解题法。

　　1、首尾法：根据统计，一篇听力材料，比较容易出题的地方是这篇材料的前几句和后几句。而且分别针对的是这篇材料所对应题目的第一道和最后一道。因此，对于“慢热型(听过几句话之后，才能集中起注意力来，但这时很可能第一道题目的正确答案已经被读过)”的同学来说，从材料的第一句话就要开始注意听了。一旦错过了正确答案针对的那句话，就可能没有机会选出正确选项了。下面举一个典型的例子：

　　以2009年6月的四级考试第三篇短文听力为例，、

　　Q32: Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?

　　Q35: What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids?

　　32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.

　　B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.

　　C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.

　　D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.

　　35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.

　　B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.

　　C) The attention the media focuses on them.

　　D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.

　　In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents’ ambitions. (首段)…Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already? (末段)

　　根据首段和末段的内容，我们很容易分析出，32题的答案是A，35题的答案是B。