学习由whose引导的定语从句及语法句型
2012-12-29 阅读 : 次
一 、学习由whose引导的定语从句
whose 是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词, 它是关系代词who的所有格,在从句中作定语,也就是说当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系,表达“……的”意思时,用关系代词whose 引导定语从句,它既可以指代人,也可以指代物,既可引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
例:①Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital. 金先生腿受重伤,被送进了医院。
②They lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他们住在一间窗户朝南开的房间里。
whose短语在定语从句中有时可作介词宾语, 即构成“介词+whose+名词”引导定语从句并在从句中作状语。
例:①The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. 金先生工作所在的部门领导已经听人说过这一意外事故。
②He is the student of whose brother we are always proud. 他就是那个我们总是为他哥哥感到骄傲的学生。
whose引导定语从句时,通常可与of which/of whom引导的定语从句进行转换。
例:①I made a table,the surface of which(of which the surface)is quite smooth. 我制了张桌子,桌面很光滑。
I made a table, whose surface is quite smooth.
②I live in a room whose window(the window of which或of which the window)opens to the south. 我住在一间窗户朝南开的屋子里。
③The professor of whom a daughter(a daughter of whom) has gone abroad is very famous in China. 那位他的女儿已经出国了的教授在国内很有名。
二 、语法句型
1 、不定式作目的状语
不定式具有副词的特征,在句中可以作目的状语,修饰谓语动词,表示动作或状态的目的。
例:He came to see me last Sunday. 他上星期天来看过我。
为了强调目的状语,可以用in order to+动词原形,甚至可以将in order to短语提到句首。
例:①I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man in order to get a job. 为了得到工作,我不得不对公司撒谎,并装扮成男人。
②In order to catch the train, I’ll get up very early tomorrow morning. 为了赶火车,我明天将很早起床。
此外还可以用so as to短语来作目的状语,但so as to不能置于句首。
例:She lied to us because she had to so as to( in order to) get a job. 她对我们撒谎,那是因为为了得到工作,她不得不这么做。
2 、一般现在时在条件状语从句中的用法
条件状语从句中,当谓语动词是将来某个时间发生的动作或状态时,通常要用一般现在时态来表示。
例:①Unless you tell me ,I shall not be able to help you. 除非你告诉我,否则我无法帮助你。
②If anyone at work discovers my secret, I shall lose my job. 公司里任何人知道了我的秘密,我都将失业。
3 、形容词在句中作宾补
有些及物动词,除了跟宾语外,还须加上一个词或短语来说明宾语的状态,以补充其意义上的不足,这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语,它与宾语之间有主谓关系,通常形容词在句中可作宾语补足语。
例:①So I cut my hair short. 于是我把头发剪短了。
②They washed their clothes very clean. 他们将衣服洗得干干净净。
除形容词外,副词、介词短语、动词不定式,分词等均可作宾补。
例:①Will you please bring him in ? 请把他带进来好吗?
②We elected him monitor of our class. 我们选他当班长。
4 、It seems that/as if...
本句型实际上是“主+系+表”结构,其中it是无人称代词,本身并无词意,也并非形式主语,seems为系动词,that/as if...引导表语从句,本句型使that/as if引导的从句所表达的意思变得不大肯定或者使语气变得较为委婉。
例:①It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 妇女似乎更难提升到公司的最高职位。
②It seems to me that he has known everything.
(He seems to have known everything) 看来他似乎什么事都知道了。
③It seems as if it is going to rain.
(It seems to rain) 看来天要下雨了。
It seems(that...)常可以用I guess that...来替换。
例:①I guess men’s hands and fingers are too big !
It seems that men’s hands and fingers are too big. 男人的手和手指似乎太大了。
②It seems that she told a lie in order to get a job in our company.
I guess she told a lie in order to get a job in our company. 看来她为了想在我们公司找一份工作,向我们撒了谎。
5、 have sb./sth. doing sth.
此句型中,have为使役动词,分词短语在句中作宾语补足语,与宾语之间是主动关系,意为“使某人(某物)做某事”,强调动作的持续性。
例:①We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我们以前从来没有让女人在我们公司的这个部门工作。
②They had their lights burning all night long. 他们通宵把灯点着。
如果只强调让某人、某物做某事而不强调动作的持续性时,我们可用省“to”的不定式在句中作宾语补足语。
例:I won’t have you do such things. 我不让你去做这些事。
当使役动词have后接过去分词短语,作宾语补足语时,宾语则与补足语之间是被动关系,即have sth. done句型, 此句型有两种含义。
其一:表示“使得某事得以做成”或“(请人)把某事做完”。
例:①I’ll have my bicycle repaired. 我将把自行车推去修好。
②I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天去理了发。
其二:表示“遭遇某种情况”或“经历一个事情或行动”。
例:①King Charlies I had his head cut off. 国王查理一世被砍了头。
②She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。
6、 Does it matter...
此句型中,it为无人称代词,作主语,matter是动词,意思是“关系重要”,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件状语从句中。
例:①Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程师是男是女,这有什么关系呢?
②What does it matter? 这有什么关系?
③It doesn’t matter, does it ? 这没多大关系,是吗?
④It doesn’t matter to me what you do or how you do it. 你做什么,怎么做对我都无关紧要。
whose 是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词, 它是关系代词who的所有格,在从句中作定语,也就是说当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系,表达“……的”意思时,用关系代词whose 引导定语从句,它既可以指代人,也可以指代物,既可引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
例:①Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital. 金先生腿受重伤,被送进了医院。
②They lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他们住在一间窗户朝南开的房间里。
whose短语在定语从句中有时可作介词宾语, 即构成“介词+whose+名词”引导定语从句并在从句中作状语。
例:①The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. 金先生工作所在的部门领导已经听人说过这一意外事故。
②He is the student of whose brother we are always proud. 他就是那个我们总是为他哥哥感到骄傲的学生。
whose引导定语从句时,通常可与of which/of whom引导的定语从句进行转换。
例:①I made a table,the surface of which(of which the surface)is quite smooth. 我制了张桌子,桌面很光滑。
I made a table, whose surface is quite smooth.
②I live in a room whose window(the window of which或of which the window)opens to the south. 我住在一间窗户朝南开的屋子里。
③The professor of whom a daughter(a daughter of whom) has gone abroad is very famous in China. 那位他的女儿已经出国了的教授在国内很有名。
二 、语法句型
1 、不定式作目的状语
不定式具有副词的特征,在句中可以作目的状语,修饰谓语动词,表示动作或状态的目的。
例:He came to see me last Sunday. 他上星期天来看过我。
为了强调目的状语,可以用in order to+动词原形,甚至可以将in order to短语提到句首。
例:①I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man in order to get a job. 为了得到工作,我不得不对公司撒谎,并装扮成男人。
②In order to catch the train, I’ll get up very early tomorrow morning. 为了赶火车,我明天将很早起床。
此外还可以用so as to短语来作目的状语,但so as to不能置于句首。
例:She lied to us because she had to so as to( in order to) get a job. 她对我们撒谎,那是因为为了得到工作,她不得不这么做。
2 、一般现在时在条件状语从句中的用法
条件状语从句中,当谓语动词是将来某个时间发生的动作或状态时,通常要用一般现在时态来表示。
例:①Unless you tell me ,I shall not be able to help you. 除非你告诉我,否则我无法帮助你。
②If anyone at work discovers my secret, I shall lose my job. 公司里任何人知道了我的秘密,我都将失业。
3 、形容词在句中作宾补
有些及物动词,除了跟宾语外,还须加上一个词或短语来说明宾语的状态,以补充其意义上的不足,这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语,它与宾语之间有主谓关系,通常形容词在句中可作宾语补足语。
例:①So I cut my hair short. 于是我把头发剪短了。
②They washed their clothes very clean. 他们将衣服洗得干干净净。
除形容词外,副词、介词短语、动词不定式,分词等均可作宾补。
例:①Will you please bring him in ? 请把他带进来好吗?
②We elected him monitor of our class. 我们选他当班长。
4 、It seems that/as if...
本句型实际上是“主+系+表”结构,其中it是无人称代词,本身并无词意,也并非形式主语,seems为系动词,that/as if...引导表语从句,本句型使that/as if引导的从句所表达的意思变得不大肯定或者使语气变得较为委婉。
例:①It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 妇女似乎更难提升到公司的最高职位。
②It seems to me that he has known everything.
(He seems to have known everything) 看来他似乎什么事都知道了。
③It seems as if it is going to rain.
(It seems to rain) 看来天要下雨了。
It seems(that...)常可以用I guess that...来替换。
例:①I guess men’s hands and fingers are too big !
It seems that men’s hands and fingers are too big. 男人的手和手指似乎太大了。
②It seems that she told a lie in order to get a job in our company.
I guess she told a lie in order to get a job in our company. 看来她为了想在我们公司找一份工作,向我们撒了谎。
5、 have sb./sth. doing sth.
此句型中,have为使役动词,分词短语在句中作宾语补足语,与宾语之间是主动关系,意为“使某人(某物)做某事”,强调动作的持续性。
例:①We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我们以前从来没有让女人在我们公司的这个部门工作。
②They had their lights burning all night long. 他们通宵把灯点着。
如果只强调让某人、某物做某事而不强调动作的持续性时,我们可用省“to”的不定式在句中作宾语补足语。
例:I won’t have you do such things. 我不让你去做这些事。
当使役动词have后接过去分词短语,作宾语补足语时,宾语则与补足语之间是被动关系,即have sth. done句型, 此句型有两种含义。
其一:表示“使得某事得以做成”或“(请人)把某事做完”。
例:①I’ll have my bicycle repaired. 我将把自行车推去修好。
②I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天去理了发。
其二:表示“遭遇某种情况”或“经历一个事情或行动”。
例:①King Charlies I had his head cut off. 国王查理一世被砍了头。
②She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。
6、 Does it matter...
此句型中,it为无人称代词,作主语,matter是动词,意思是“关系重要”,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件状语从句中。
例:①Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程师是男是女,这有什么关系呢?
②What does it matter? 这有什么关系?
③It doesn’t matter, does it ? 这没多大关系,是吗?
④It doesn’t matter to me what you do or how you do it. 你做什么,怎么做对我都无关紧要。
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