15天攻克四级词汇语法完型一

　　1. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished. (2002.12)

　　A) had lost B) would lose

　　C) would have lost D) should have lost

　　2. If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now. (1999.01)

　　A) wouldn’t be smiling B) couldn’t have smiled

　　C) smile D) didn’t smile

　　3. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than a room with someone else. (2000.12)

　　A) to share B) to have shared C) share D)sharing

　　解题小贴士

　　1. 【C】

　　这句话的虚拟从句被主句用逗号隔开，had they been done by hand是与过去发生的事实相反的假设，主句要用虚拟语气，且有by the time这个时间状语，主句要用完成时态。 正确答案为C，题目译文为：如果用手工计算的话，那些成千上万的演算等完成以后就已失去了其实用价值。

　　2. 【A】

　　这是一个错综条件句，从句中说的是过去发生的事，主句表示的是现在的事，从now这个词我们就可以知道是对现在的虚拟。所以正确答案是A，题目译文为：如果当你摔下来的时候，我没站在楼梯上接住你的话，你现在就不可能笑了。

　　3. 【C】

　　本句是考核对rather的用法，would rather…than“宁可……（也）不愿”，是个典型的平行结构，would rather后跟的是谓语动词，than后也应跟谓语动词。正确答案为C，题目译文为：无论这个房间有多小，我也宁愿有一个自己的房间，而不愿与别人同住一室。

　　名师授招

　　虚拟语气用法一：

　　1. 虚拟语气用在if引导的条件状语从句中。

　　注：

　　（1）有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had、should、were等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。

　　（2）在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如：

　　① If I were you，I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。）

　　② If he had followed the doctor’s advice，he would recover already. 如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

　　2. 虚拟语气用在would rather（共考过六次），would（just）as soon，would sooner，would prefer（希望）等后接的宾语从句中，意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：

　　（1）To be frank, I’d rather you were not involved in the case.

　　（2）I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.

　　注：

　　（1）若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形。

　　【例】I would rather stay at home today.

　　（2）would rather… than……中用动词原形。

　　【例】I would rather stay at home than go out today.

　　3. 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that或in case引导的目的状语从句中。

　　在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防、以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。

　　【例】He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚，以免他再犯。

　　4. 其他特殊用法。

　　（1）if only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构，现在已成为习惯用法，表达愿望。从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望；对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望，从句就用过去完成时。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件，常译成“要是……就好了！”

　　【例】If only I had taken mother’s advice. 我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。

　　（2）有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without, but for等）引出的短语、分词（如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or, otherwise, but, though等）、动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。

　　【例】But for your advice, I would not be able to do this work. 要不是你的劝告，我是不会做这份工作的。

　　自我测验

　　1. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself. (1998.01)

　　A) injure B) injured

　　C) had injure D) would injure

　　2. I’d rather you just in bed and anything for at least two weeks.

　　A) stayed…did B) stay…don’t

　　C) stayed…don’t do D) stayed…didn’t do

　　3. If I the job, I would do it in a different way.

　　A) would do B) do

　　C) shall do D) were to do

　　4. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they by wild animals. (2002.12)

　　A) should be attacked B) had been attacked

　　C) must be attacked D) would be attacked

　　5. He was punished he should make the same mistake again. (2001.06)

　　A) unless B) lest

　　C) if D) provided

　　6. He is working hard for fear that he to pass the exam.

　　A) fails B) may fail

　　C) should fail D) would fail

　　7. If the whole operation beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. (1999.06)

　　A) was not planned B) has not been planned

　　C) had not been planned D) were not planned

　　8. Had he worked harder, he the exams. (1997.06)

　　A) must have got through B) would have got through

　　C) would get through D) could get through

　　9. He will surely finish the job on time he’s left to do it in his own way. (2000.12)

　　A) in that B) in case

　　C) as far as D) so long as

　　10. his timely assistance, I couldn’t have pulled through successfully.

　　A) But B) If not C) But for D) Unless

　　新闻两三词

　　万圣节（即鬼节）之际，家家户户除了会在当天准备很多南瓜食品及糖果来庆祝之外，更会在当日扮鬼扮马上街游行。在万圣节即将来临的时候，美国节日市场空前繁荣。

　　Retailers have increasingly found that Halloween, whose traditions were brought to America in the 1840s by Irish immigrants, is appealing to a wider audience, not just pint-sized ghosts making the neighborhood rounds with trick-or-treat bags. Halloween now ranks as the No.6 spending holiday in the United States after the winter holidays, which pulls in an estimated $219.9 billion.

　　1. appealing: a. 吸引人的，哀诉似的 appealing eyes 哀求的眼神。

　　【单词变形】appeal（n. & v. 呼吁，肯求） appeal to 诉诸于

　　2. audience: n. 听众，观众 Three thousand audience crowded the concert hall. 三千名听众挤满了音乐大厅。

　　3. estimate: v. 估计，估价 I estimated his age at 40. 我估计他的年龄是40岁。

　　猜 猜 猜

　　What is too much for one, enough for two, and nothing at all for three?